Cities represent enviroment for most of Europe's human population. Spatial pattern of cities' environmental as well as socioeconomic features affect plant biodiversity. We analysed a floristic mapping dataset of the city of Ljubljana (Slovenia) and asked what affects the spatial differences in the presence of different categories of species: species according to residence time and endangered and thermophilic species. To explain the proportions of these species groups in grid cells, using Generalized Additive Models, we tested the effects of three categories of predictors: i) urban structure, represented by the distance from the city centre, population density, soil sealing, and quality of residential environment index, ii) habitat predictors, represented by habitat diversity and geologic diversity, and iii) environmental conditions, represented by urban heat island (UHI). Species richness decreases with the distance from the city centre and is highest in the cells with intermediate habitat diversity. Number of species is highest within city parts of highest quality of residential environment index and lowest in parts with UHI effect. Proportion of native species is positively related to habitat and geologic diversity. The proportion of archaeophytes is higher where habitats are more diverse and increases with the distance from the city centre. Grid cells with highest proportion of neophytes are located in the most built-up areas and in the city centre, which is positively associated with soil sealing, but negatively with UHI. Thermophilic species are positively associated with soil sealing. Endangered species have uniform distribution pattern and their proportion is negatively associated with distance from the city centre and soil sealing. A grid cell with the highest proportion of endangered species includes two protected areas with wetland habitats. Calculated ecological indicator values show correlation with soil sealing and habitat diversity. Some of the results are in line with well-established patterns from other cities, while others reflect certain specific features of Ljubljana, e.g. forested hills close to the city centre. The identified hotspots of city's plant species richness can serve in the argumentation of future urbanistic planning.

城市代表了欧洲大多数人口的环境。城市环境和社会经济特征的空间格局影响植物生物多样性。我们分析了卢布尔雅那市（斯洛文尼亚）的植物区系绘图数据集，并询问了不同类别物种存在时的空间差异会受到什么影响：根据停留时间的物种以及濒危和嗜热物种。为了解释网格单元中这些物种组的比例，我们使用广义加性模型测试了三类预测因子的影响：i) 城市结构，由距市中心的距离、人口密度、土壤密封和质量居住环境指数，ii) 栖息地预测因子，以栖息地多样性和地质多样性为代表，以及 iii) 环境条件，以城市热岛（UHI）为代表。物种丰富度随着距市中心的距离的增加而降低，在具有中等生境多样性的细胞中最高。在居住环境质量指数最高的城市区域内物种数量最多，在UHI效应区域内物种数量最少。本地物种的比例与栖息地和地质多样性呈正相关。在栖息地更多样化的地方，古植物的比例更高，并且随着距市中心的距离增加而增加。新生比例最高的网格单元位于最密集的地区和市中心，这与土壤密封呈正相关，但与 UHI 呈负相关。嗜热物种与土壤密封呈正相关。濒危物种分布格局均匀，其比例与距市中心的距离和土壤封闭性呈负相关。濒危物种比例最高的网格单元包括两个具有湿地栖息地的保护区。计算的生态指标值显示与土壤封闭和栖息地多样性的相关性。一些结果与其他城市的成熟模式一致，而另一些结果则反映了卢布尔雅那的某些特定特征，例如靠近市中心的森林山丘。确定的城市植物物种丰富度热点可以用于未来城市规划的论证。计算的生态指标值显示与土壤封闭和栖息地多样性的相关性。一些结果与其他城市的成熟模式一致，而另一些结果则反映了卢布尔雅那的某些特定特征，例如靠近市中心的森林山丘。确定的城市植物物种丰富度热点可以用于未来城市规划的论证。计算的生态指标值显示与土壤封闭和栖息地多样性的相关性。一些结果与其他城市的成熟模式一致，而另一些结果则反映了卢布尔雅那的某些特定特征，例如靠近市中心的森林山丘。确定的城市植物物种丰富度热点可以用于未来城市规划的论证。