Silicate-iron oxyhydroxide complex formed by mineral weathering has an important influence on the geochemical reactions of heavy metals in mining areas. In this work, tailings were collected from an abandoned iron tailings pond, and the physicochemical properties and distribution of heavy metals were studied under natural weathering and hydraulic processes. The results showed that Fe²⁺ in the iron tailings were transported to the surface during the weathering process, and then the iron oxyhydroxide formed by mineralization adsorbed Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Silicic acid and exchangeable acid were released during the formation of binary agglomerates between hydroxy iron oxide and kaolin, then they migrated to the lower area of a tailing pond via surface runoff. Finally, silicate-iron oxyhydroxide complex were formed. The heavy metals were replaced by H⁺ and penetrated to the bottom layer with water. This research provides an important scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas.

矿物风化形成的硅酸铁羟基氧化物络合物对矿区重金属的地球化学反应有重要影响。本研究从废弃的铁尾矿池中收集尾矿，研究了自然风化和水力作用下重金属的理化性质和分布。结果表明，铁尾矿中的Fe ²⁺在风化过程中被输送到地表，然后矿化形成的氢氧化铁吸附Cu ²⁺和Zn ²⁺. 羟基氧化铁与高岭土形成二元团聚体时释放出硅酸和可交换酸，然后通过地表径流向尾矿池下部迁移。最后形成硅酸盐-羟基氧化铁络合物。重金属被H ⁺取代并随水渗透到底层。该研究为矿区重金属污染的防治提供了重要的科学依据。