Banana belonging to the family Musaceae is the fourth most important staple food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. Genomic composition and genetic variation among 25 Musaceae genotypes, collected from different regions of Manipur, were evaluated using PCR–RFLP and RAPD and ISSR markers. Restriction-site variations in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes were used to distinguish the genotypes and their genomic constitutions. PCR amplification using specific primers produced a 700-bp fragment in all the genotypes studied. This fragment that is equivalent in size to the ITS of most plants was digested with RsaI, revealing 530-bp fragment that is unique to ‘A’ genome and 350 bp and 180-bp fragments that were unique to ‘B’ genome alone, and thus, the genotypes were differentiated as constituting of either the A or B genome alone or having both the A and B genomic compositions. In the wild and semi-wild genotypes, unique restriction fragments were observed. Genetic variations among the genotypes were determined using 15 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. The respective percentage of polymorphisms for RAPD and ISSR markers was 99.79% and 99.70%. Similarity coefficients in RAPD analysis ranged from 0.14 to 0.95 and in ISSR analysis from 0.30 to 0.96. The polymorphism information content (PIC) scores for RAPD markers ranged from 0.20 to 0.29 and that of ISSR markers was 0.25 to 0.36. The Mantel Z-test between the two Jaccard’s similarity matrices gave r ≥ 0.93, indicating a very good fit correlation between RAPD- and ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD and ISSR analyses could identify distinctive cultivars and wild species that remained conspicuously distinct in both marker systems.

香蕉属于芭蕉科，是仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米的第四大主粮作物。使用 PCR-RFLP 和 RAPD 和 ISSR 标记评估从曼尼普尔邦不同地区收集的 25 种 Musaceae 基因型之间的基因组组成和遗传变异。核糖体 RNA 基因的内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 中的限制位点变异用于区分基因型及其基因组构成。使用特定引物的 PCR 扩增在所有研究的基因型中产生了 700 bp 的片段。该片段大小与大多数植物的 ITS 相同，已被Rsa消化I，揭示了“A”基因组特有的 530 bp 片段和“B”基因组特有的 350 bp 和 180 bp 片段，因此，基因型被区分为单独由 A 或 B 基因组构成或同时具有 A 和 B 基因组组成。在野生和半野生基因型中，观察到独特的限制性片段。使用 15 个 RAPD 和 15 个 ISSR 标记确定基因型之间的遗传变异。RAPD和ISSR标记的多态性百分比分别为99.79%和99.70%。RAPD 分析中的相似系数范围为 0.14 至 0.95，ISSR 分析中的相似系数范围为 0.30 至 0.96。RAPD 标记的多态性信息含量 (PIC) 得分范围为 0.20 至 0.29，ISSR 标记的多态性信息内容 (PIC) 得分为 0.25 至 0.36。两个 Jaccard 相似矩阵之间的 Mantel Z 检验给出了r  ≥ 0.93，表明基于 RAPD 和基于 ISSR 的相似性之间的拟合相关性非常好。RAPD 和 ISSR 分析可以识别在两个标记系统中仍然明显不同的独特栽培品种和野生物种。