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Disentangling effects of expectancy, accuracy, and empathy on the processing of observed actions
Psychophysiology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13883
Christine Albrecht 1 , Christian Bellebaum 1
Affiliation  

A number of studies suggest that event-related potential (ERP) components previously associated with error processing might represent expectation violation instead of valence. When observing others, these processes might further be modulated by trait empathy. We suggest that trait empathy modulates expectancy formation and that these expectancies then influence observed response processing as reflected in a frontocentral negative ERP component resembling the previously described observer error-related negativity. We acquired single trial ERPs of participants who observed another person in a true- or false-belief condition answering correctly or erroneously. Additionally, we prompted participants' expectancy in some trials. Using linear mixed model analyses, we found that for low empathy participants, expectations for the false-belief condition decreased throughout the experiment, so that expectations were more pronounced in participants with higher empathy toward the end of the experiment. We also found that single trial expectancy measures derived from regression models of the measured expectancies predicted the amplitude of the frontocentral negative ERP component, and that neither the addition of empathy nor accuracy or trial type (true- or false-belief) led to the explanation of significantly more variance compared with the model just containing expectancy as predictor. These results suggest that empathy modulates the processing of observed responses indirectly via its effect on expectancy of the response.

中文翻译:

解开期望、准确性和同理心对观察到的行为处理的影响

许多研究表明,以前与错误处理相关的事件相关电位 (ERP) 组件可能代表期望违反而不是效价。在观察他人时,这些过程可能会进一步受到特质移情的调节。我们建议特质移情调节期望的形成,然后这些期望会影响观察到的反应处理,这反映在类似于前面描述的观察者错误相关的消极性的前中枢负 ERP 组件中。我们获得了参与者的单次试验 ERP,他们观察到另一个人在正确或错误的信念条件下正确或错误地回答。此外,我们在一些试验中提高了参与者的期望。使用线性混合模型分析,我们发现对于低同理心的参与者,在整个实验过程中,对错误信念条件的期望降低了,因此在实验结束时具有更高同理心的参与者的期望更加明显。我们还发现,从测量的预期回归模型得出的单次试验预期测量预测了额中枢负 ERP 分量的幅度,并且没有增加同理心、准确性或试验类型(真或假信念)导致解释与仅包含期望值作为预测变量的模型相比,方差显着增加。这些结果表明,同理心通过对反应预期的影响间接调节观察到的反应的处理。因此,在实验结束时具有更高同理心的参与者的期望更加明显。我们还发现,从测量期望的回归模型得出的单次试验期望测量预测了额中枢负 ERP 分量的幅度,并且没有增加同理心、准确性或试验类型(真或假信念)导致解释与仅包含期望值作为预测变量的模型相比,方差显着增加。这些结果表明,同理心通过对反应预期的影响间接调节观察到的反应的处理。因此,在实验结束时具有更高同理心的参与者的期望更加明显。我们还发现,从测量期望的回归模型得出的单次试验期望测量预测了额中枢负 ERP 分量的幅度,并且没有增加同理心、准确性或试验类型(真或假信念)导致解释与仅包含期望值作为预测变量的模型相比,方差显着增加。这些结果表明,同理心通过对反应预期的影响间接调节观察到的反应的处理。并且与仅包含期望值作为预测变量的模型相比,添加同理心、准确性或试验类型(真或假信念)都没有导致对显着更多方差的解释。这些结果表明,同理心通过对反应预期的影响间接调节观察到的反应的处理。并且与仅包含期望值作为预测变量的模型相比,添加同理心、准确性或试验类型(真或假信念)都没有导致对显着更多方差的解释。这些结果表明,同理心通过对反应预期的影响间接调节观察到的反应的处理。
更新日期:2021-08-09
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