Purpose of Review

Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) represent a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies from simple to the most complex heart defects including some distinct types. Clinical presentation and timing of intervention differ by morphological subset and functional anatomy. Herein, we review morphological variations and characteristics that determine appropriate intervention and provide insights into functional anatomy based on detailed three-dimensional (3D) assessment of AVSDs.

Recent Findings

The understanding of functional morphology of AVSDs has improved significantly with detailed 3D echocardiographic evaluation of the atrioventricular junction and valve morphology. As prenatal detection of AVSDs has increased significantly, it has become the most common fetal cardiac diagnosis enabling antenatal counseling and delivery planning. Advances in diagnosis and perioperative care have resulted in optimal outcomes.

Summary

The diagnosis and management of AVSDs have improved over the years with enhanced understanding of anatomy and perioperative care resulting in optimal short and long-term outcomes.

中文翻译：

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房室间隔缺损：病理学、影像学和治疗选择

审查目的

房室间隔缺损 (AVSD) 代表了广泛的先天性异常，从简单到最复杂的心脏缺陷，包括一些不同的类型。临床表现和干预时机因形态学子集和功能解剖学而异。在此，我们回顾了决定适当干预的形态变化和特征，并基于对 AVSD 的详细三维 (3D) 评估提供对功能解剖学的见解。

最近的发现

通过对房室交界处和瓣膜形态的详细 3D 超声心动图评估，对 AVSD 功能形态的理解得到了显着改善。随着 AVSD 的产前检测显着增加，它已成为最常见的胎儿心脏诊断，可实现产前咨询和分娩计划。诊断和围手术期护理的进步带来了最佳结果。

概括

多年来，随着对解剖学和围手术期护理的深入了解，AVSD 的诊断和管理得到了改进，从而获得了最佳的短期和长期结果。