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Inhibitory control and impulsive responses in neurodevelopmental disorders
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-19 , DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14778
Giovanni Mirabella 1, 2
Affiliation  

The impairment of inhibitory control is often assumed to be the core deficit of several neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by poor impulse control. However, could the same deficit explain different clinical phenotypes? Evidence from behavioural studies is very mixed. This is partly because inhibition is a highly complex executive function. Thus, the different types of tasks that generically tap into inhibitory control are likely to provide different outcomes. Additionally, sample inhomogeneity in terms of age, comorbidity, and medical treatment are confounding factors. Therefore, to make a reliable assessment of the deficit of inhibitory control in a given disorder, the same task and samples with similar characteristics must be employed. This article reviews and discusses studies on five neurodevelopmental disorders with impaired impulse control where these criteria have been used: Tourette syndrome; obsessive-compulsive disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; primary motor stereotypies; and autism spectrum disorder. Overall, they suggest that the mechanisms underlying the inability to control urges are extremely heterogeneous and cannot be ascribed to a general impairment of inhibition. These findings do not support the hypothesis that inhibitory deficits represent a transdiagnostic feature of neurodevelopmental disorders with poor impulse control.

中文翻译:

神经发育障碍的抑制控制和冲动反应

抑制控制的损害通常被认为是几种以冲动控制不佳为特征的神经发育障碍的核心缺陷。然而,相同的缺陷能否解释不同的临床表型?来自行为研究的证据非常复杂。这部分是因为抑制是一种高度复杂的执行功能。因此,通常利用抑制控制的不同类型的任务可能会提供不同的结果。此外,样本在年龄、合并症和医疗方面的不均匀性也是混杂因素。因此,为了对给定疾病的抑制控制缺陷进行可靠评估,必须采用相同的任务和具有相似特征的样本。本文回顾并讨论了对使用这些标准的五种神经发育障碍的研究:图雷特综合征;强迫症; 注意力缺陷/多动障碍;初级运动刻板印象;和自闭症谱系障碍。总的来说,他们认为无法控制冲动的潜在机制是极其异质的,不能归因于抑制的普遍损害。这些发现不支持抑制性缺陷代表具有不良冲动控制的神经发育障碍的跨诊断特征的假设。他们认为,无法控制冲动的潜在机制是极其异质的,不能归因于抑制的普遍损害。这些发现不支持抑制性缺陷代表具有不良冲动控制的神经发育障碍的跨诊断特征的假设。他们认为,无法控制冲动的潜在机制是极其异质的,不能归因于抑制的普遍损害。这些发现不支持抑制性缺陷代表具有不良冲动控制的神经发育障碍的跨诊断特征的假设。
更新日期:2020-12-19
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