The development of accurate analytical methods and highly controllable biomedical devices is inseparable from the continuous progress of nanotechnology. Great efforts have been made for the functional modification of nanomaterials, especially gold nanomaterials (Au NMs). Functionalized Au NMs usually exhibit good biocompatibility, benign biocatalytic and excellent biosensing properties, which renders them potent candidates for diverse biomedical applications. This article reviews the recent advances of functionalized Au NMs in the past decade according to the internal inherent properties and external stimuli response of Au NMs. The multiple applications of Au NMs-based biomimic catalysis and biosensing actuators are summarized and highlighted, which may further deepen the understanding of the mechanism of functionalized Au NMs. Last but not least, the limitations of the current Au NMs based detection strategies, and possible outlooks for the design and applications of functionalized Au NMs in the future are proposed.

准确的分析方法和高度可控的生物医学设备的发展，离不开纳米技术的不断进步。纳米材料，尤其是金纳米材料（Au NMs）的功能改性已经做出了巨大的努力。功能化的金纳米材料通常表现出良好的生物相容性、良性的生物催化和优异的生物传感特性，使其成为各种生物医学应用的有力候选者。本文根据 Au NMs 的内部固有特性和外部刺激响应，回顾了过去十年功能化 Au NMs 的最新进展。总结并强调了基于Au NMs的仿生催化和生物传感执行器的多种应用，这可能会进一步加深对功能化Au NMs机制的理解。最后但并非最不重要的，