Since the Second World War, displacement has become increasingly protracted and return is in decline. Despite calls for greater international responsibility sharing, many displaced people are subject to a legal limbo, lacking recognition and reparation in international law. This article seeks to establish the legal contours of protracted displacement as an internationally wrongful act that can engage the responsibility of States of origin and result in redress for those displaced. The article argues that there is evidence of a customary international law right of return, which requires States to facilitate voluntary repatriation and provide restitution. Facilitation includes refraining from preventing or obstructing return, suppressing acts of retribution or discrimination, and addressing root causes of displacement. Restitution includes property restitution, compensation for material and moral damages as well as reintegration and reconciliation measures, and offering effective models for return. The article concludes that the progressive development and codification of the law on forced displacement should address temporality, the qualities of return, and the alleviation of extant crises.

中文翻译：

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长期流离失所的国家责任：持久解决方案的国际法律方法

二战以来，流离失所的时间越来越长，返回的人数在下降。尽管呼吁更多地分担国际责任，但许多流离失所者仍处于法律困境，缺乏国际法的承认和赔偿。本条试图将长期流离失所的法律轮廓确定为一种国际不法行为，可以承担原籍国的责任并为流离失所者带来补救。文章认为，有证据表明习惯国际法规定了遣返权，该权利要求各国为自愿遣返提供便利并提供恢复原状。便利化包括避免阻止或阻碍返回、抑制报复或歧视行为以及解决流离失所的根源。归还包括财产归还、物质和精神损害赔偿以及重新融入和解措施，并提供有效的归还模式。文章的结论是，强迫流离失所法的逐步发展和编纂应涉及时间性、返回的质量和减轻现有危机。