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Systematics and conservation of an endemic radiation of Accipiter hawks in the Caribbean islands
The Auk ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-29 , DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab041
Therese A Catanach 1, 2 , Matthew R Halley 2, 3 , Julie M Allen 4 , Jeff A Johnson 5, 6 , Russell Thorstrom 7 , Samantha Palhano 2, 8 , Chyna Poor Thunder 9 , Julio C Gallardo 10 , Jason D Weckstein 2, 3
Affiliation  

More than one-third of the bird species found in the Caribbean are endemic to a set of neighboring islands or a single island. However, we have little knowledge of the evolutionary history of the Caribbean avifauna, and the lack of phylogenetic studies limits our understanding of the extent of endemism in the region. The Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) occurs widely across the Americas and includes 3 endemic Caribbean taxa: venator on Puerto Rico, striatus on Hispaniola, and fringilloides on Cuba. These island populations have undergone extreme declines presumably due to ecosystem changes caused by anthropogenic factors, as well as due to severe hurricanes. Sharp-shinned Hawks, in general, and Caribbean Sharp-shinned Hawks, in particular, have not been placed in a modern phylogenetic context. However, the island taxa have historically been presumed to have some ongoing gene flow with mainland populations. Here we sequenced ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and their flanking regions from 38 samples, focusing on Caribbean taxa. Using a combination of UCEs, mitochondrial genome sequences, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among Caribbean lineages and their relationships to mainland taxa. We found that Caribbean Sharp-shinned Hawks are reciprocally monophyletic in all datasets with regard to mainland populations and among island taxa (with no shared mtDNA haplotypes) and that divergence in the NADH dehydrogenase 2 gene (ND2) between these mainland and island groups averaged 1.83%. Furthermore, sparse non-negative matrix factorization (sNMF) analysis indicated that Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and mainland samples each form separate populations with limited admixture. We argue that our findings are consistent with the recognition of the 3 resident Caribbean populations as species-level taxa because nuclear and mitochondrial genetic data indicate reciprocal monophyly and have species-level divergences, there is no sharing of mitochondrial haplotypes among or between island taxa and those on the mainland; and they are diagnosable by plumage.

中文翻译:

加勒比群岛鹰隼地方性辐射的系统学和保护

在加勒比地区发现的超过三分之一的鸟类是一组相邻岛屿或单个岛屿的特有种。然而,我们对加勒比鸟类的进化史知之甚少,缺乏系统发育研究限制了我们对该地区特有程度的了解。锋利的鹰(Accipiter striatus)广泛分布于美洲,包括3个加勒比特有的分类群:波多黎各的venator、伊斯帕尼奥拉的纹状体和古巴的fringilloides。这些岛屿人口经历了极端下降,这可能是由于人为因素引起的生态系统变化以及严重的飓风造成的。一般来说,尖头鹰,特别是加勒比尖头鹰,还没有被置于现代系统发育背景中。然而,从历史上看,岛屿分类群一直被认为与大陆人口有一些持续的基因流动。在这里,我们从 38 个样本中对超保守元素 (UCE) 及其侧翼区域进行了测序,重点关注加勒比分类群。我们使用 UCE、线粒体基因组序列和单核苷酸多态性的组合,研究了加勒比血统之间的系统发育关系及其与大陆分类群的关系。我们发现,在所有关于大陆种群和岛屿分类群(没有共享的 mtDNA 单倍型)的数据集中,加勒比海鹰是互惠单系的,并且这些大陆和岛屿群之间 NADH 脱氢酶 2 基因 (ND2) 的差异平均为 1.83 %。此外,稀疏非负矩阵分解 (sNMF) 分析表明,伊斯帕尼奥拉岛、波多黎各、和大陆样本各自形成具有有限混合的单独种群。我们认为,我们的研究结果与将 3 个常住加勒比种群作为物种级分类群的认识是一致的,因为核和线粒体遗传数据表明相互单系并具有物种级分歧,在岛屿分类群之间或之间没有线粒体单倍型共享和大陆的;它们可以通过羽毛来诊断。
更新日期:2021-06-29
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