ABSTRACT

Educational grievances made educational democratisation an important issue in the 1980s and 1990s during South Korea’s democratic consolidation. Educational democratisers sought to address these through greater freedom and autonomy for teachers, students and parents combined with teacher unionisation. Some of the excesses of the highly centralised, economically utilitarian educational system of the authoritarian period were mitigated in the 1990s, but reformers had to make a coalition with neoliberal bureaucrats to consolidate democracy. As a consequence, educational reforms focused on deregulation and student choice facilitated by diversified autonomous educational institutions, including private schools at all levels. This had the paradoxical effect of meeting some goals of the democratisers for choice and autonomy while eliminating the equalisation of schools that many of the democratisers also favoured.

摘要

教育不满使得教育民主化成为20世纪80年代和90年代韩国民主巩固过程中的一个重要问题。教育民主主义者试图通过为教师、学生和家长提供更大的自由和自主权以及教师工会来解决这些问题。威权时期高度集权、经济功利主义的教育体系的一些过度行为在 20 世纪 90 年代得到了缓解，但改革者必须与新自由主义官僚结盟以巩固民主。因此，教育改革的重点是放松管制和由多元化的自治教育机构（包括各级私立学校）推动的学生选择。