Like several countries, Spain experienced a multi wave pattern of COVID-19 pandemic over more than one year period, between spring 2020 and spring 2021. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 pandemics is a multi-factorial process involving among other factors outdoor environmental variables and viral inactivation.This study aims to quantify the impact of climate and air pollution factors seasonality on incidence and severity of COVID-19 disease waves in Madrid metropolitan region in Spain. We employed descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation tests for analysis of daily in-situ and geospatial time-series of air quality and climate data to investigate the associations with COVID-19 incidence and lethality in Madrid under different synoptic meteorological patterns. During the analyzed period (1 January 2020-28 February 2021), with one month before each of three COVID-19 waves were recorded anomalous anticyclonic circulations in the mid-troposphere, with positive anomalies of geopotential heights at 500 mb and favorable stability conditions for SARS-CoV-2 fast diffusion. In addition, the results reveal that air temperature, Planetary Boundary Layer height, ground level ozone have a significant negative relationship with daily new COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths. The findings of this study provide useful information to the public health authorities and policymakers for optimizing interventions during pandemics.

与几个国家一样，西班牙在 2020 年春季至 2021 年春季之间的一年多时间里经历了 COVID-19 大流行的多波模式。SARS-CoV-2 大流行的传播是一个多因素过程，其中包括室外环境等因素变量和病毒灭活。本研究旨在量化气候和空气污染因素季节性对西班牙马德里大都市区 COVID-19 疾病波的发病率和严重程度的影响。我们采用描述性统计和 Spearman 等级相关检验来分析空气质量和气候数据的每日原位和地理空间时间序列，以研究在不同天气气象模式下马德里与 COVID-19 发病率和致死率的关联。在分析期间（2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 2 月 28 日），在三个 COVID-19 波中的每一个记录到对流层中部异常反气旋环流的一个月前，500 mb 的位势高度正异常和 SARS-CoV-2 快速扩散的有利稳定条件。此外，结果表明，气温、行星边界层高度、地面臭氧与每日新增的 COVID-19 确诊病例和死亡人数呈显着负相关。这项研究的结果为公共卫生当局和政策制定者提供了有用的信息，以优化大流行期间的干预措施。结果表明，气温、行星边界层高度、地面臭氧与每日新增的 COVID-19 确诊病例和死亡人数呈显着负相关。这项研究的结果为公共卫生当局和政策制定者提供了有用的信息，以优化大流行期间的干预措施。结果表明，气温、行星边界层高度、地面臭氧与每日新增的 COVID-19 确诊病例和死亡人数呈显着负相关。这项研究的结果为公共卫生当局和政策制定者提供了有用的信息，以优化大流行期间的干预措施。