A challenge in current forestry is adaptation of managed forests to climate change, which is likely to alter the main processes of forest dynamics, i.e. natural regeneration. Scots pine will probably lose some parts of its distribution area in Europe. However, two native oaks, pedunculate and sessile may maintain or expand the area of their occurrence in central Europe. The utilization of spontaneous (not initialized by foresters) oak regeneration in Scots pine stands for the creation of next generation stands is one of the adaptation methods to climate change. Many factors influencing pedunculate oak regeneration are well known, but there is a lack of knowledge on the relation between soil enzyme activity and the establishment and development of the species. The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among stand characteristics, herb species composition, soil enzyme activity and the establishment or recruitment of oak regeneration in Scots pine-dominated stands. The one of the most influential factors shaping the oak seedling count was dehydrogenase activity in the humus horizon. We found that plots without litter and fern cover had higher seedling density. The raspberry ground cover and birch crown projection area had a positive influence on oak seedling number. The factor indicating good conditions for high density of oak saplings was phosphatase activity in the organic horizon. The same enzyme activity but in humus horizon described conditions in which more numerous recruits were observed. The activity of soil enzymes can be used as the predictor of the establishment and advancement of oak regeneration but also could be seen as a new dimension of oak regeneration. The general density of spontaneous oak regeneration was not sufficient for the creation of new generation forest stands dominated by oak, but it is possible to use them as admixtures in new generation stands.

中文翻译：

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林分特征和土壤酶活性对苏格兰松为主林分自发有花序橡树再生的影响——对森林管理的启示

当前林业面临的一个挑战是管理森林对气候变化的适应，这可能会改变森林动态的主要过程，即自然更新。苏格兰松可能会失去其在欧洲的部分分销区域。然而，有花梗和无柄两种原生橡树可能会维持或扩大它们在中欧的分布区域。在苏格兰松林中利用自发的（不是由林务员初始化的）橡树再生来创建下一代林分是适应气候变化的方法之一。影响有花序橡树再生的许多因素是众所周知的，但对土壤酶活性与该物种的建立和发展之间的关系缺乏了解。该研究的目的是确定林分特征之间的关系，草本物种组成、土壤酶活性以及在以苏格兰松树为主的林分中橡树再生的建立或补充。影响橡树幼苗数量的最有影响的因素之一是腐殖质层中的脱氢酶活性。我们发现没有枯枝落叶和蕨类植物覆盖的地块具有更高的幼苗密度。覆盆子地被植物和桦树树冠投影面积对橡树苗数有正向影响。指示高密度橡树树苗良好条件的因素是有机层中的磷酸酶活性。相同的酶活性但在腐殖质层中描述了观察到更多新兵的条件。土壤酶的活性可以作为橡木再生建立和推进的预测指标，也可以看作是橡木再生的一个新维度。