Volcanism has played a major role in modifying the Martian surface. The Tharsis volcanic province dominates the western hemisphere of the planet with numerous effusive volcanic constructs and deposits. Here, we present the results of an in-depth study aimed at characterizing and modeling the emplacement conditions of 40 lava flows in the Tharsis volcanic province. These lava flows display a range of lengths (∼15–310 km), widths (∼0.5–29 km), and thicknesses (∼11–91 m). The volumes and flow masses range from ∼1 to 440 km³ and ∼10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ kg, respectively. Using three different models, we calculated a range of eruption rates (0.3–3.5 × 10⁴ m³/s), viscosities (10⁴–10⁷ Pa s), yield strengths (800–10⁴ Pa), and emplacement times (8 h–11 years). While the flow lengths and volumes are typically larger than terrestrial lava flows by an order of magnitude, rheologies and eruption rates are similar based on our findings. Emplacement times suggest that eruptions were active for long periods of time, which implies the presence and persistence of open subsurface pathways. Differences in flow morphology and emplacement conditions across localities within Tharsis highlight different pathways and volumes of available material between the central volcanoes and the plains. The scale of the eruptions suggests there could have been eruption-driven local, regional, and perhaps, global impacts on the Martian climate. The relatively recent age of the eruptions implies that Mars has retained the capability of producing significant localized volcanism.

中文翻译：

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火星塔尔西斯火山省的熔岩流喷发条件

火山活动在改变火星表面方面发挥了重要作用。塔尔西斯火山省在地球的西半球占据主导地位，拥有众多喷发的火山构造和沉积物。在这里，我们展示了一项深入研究的结果，该研究旨在表征和模拟 Tharsis 火山省 40 条熔岩流的就位条件。这些熔岩流显示出一系列长度（~15-310 公里）、宽度（~0.5-29 公里）和厚度（~11-91 米）。体积和流量的范围分别为~1 至 440 km ³和~10 ¹¹至 10 ¹⁴  kg。我们使用三种不同的模型计算了一系列喷发率 (0.3–3.5 × 10 ⁴  m ³ /s)、粘度 (10 ⁴ –10 ⁷ Pa s), 屈服强度 (800–10 ⁴ Pa）和就位时间（8 小时至 11 年）。虽然流动长度和体积通常比陆地熔岩流大一个数量级，但根据我们的发现，流变学和喷发率是相似的。就位时间表明火山喷发在很长一段时间内都处于活跃状态，这意味着开放的地下通道的存在和持续存在。塔尔西斯境内不同地区的流动形态和就位条件的差异突出了中央火山和平原之间可用物质的不同途径和体积。火山喷发的规模表明，火山喷发可能对火星气候产生了局部、区域甚至全球影响。相对较新的喷发年龄意味着火星保留了产生显着局部火山活动的能力。