Wheel wear is a natural phenomenon of wheel–rail rolling contact during vehicle operation. The non-uniform wear in lateral and circumferential directions is normally occurred on wheels. The lateral non-uniform wear will lead to the unexpected hollow wear which can cause flange to flange vibration at low-frequency band, and the circumferential non-uniform wear will result in the vertical vibration which is the originate from the polygon phenomenon. These two forms of wear are coupled to each other on wheels and affect the dynamic behaviours of wheel–rail system. In this paper, a wheel–rail contact dynamics model which includes the 3D geometric shape of wheel profile is established and employed to vehicle system dynamics. The results show that the contact mechanical properties of wheel–rail are greatly affected by the 3D wheel profile. The low-frequency vibration of wheelset caused by hollow wear and the high-frequency vibration by polygonised wear are coupled, which increase the vibrational acceleration of wheel–rail system and even made for the main problem of the periodic separation of wheel and rail and aggravate the wear of wheel polygon.

车轮磨损是车辆运行过程中轮轨滚动接触的自然现象。横向和圆周方向的不均匀磨损通常发生在车轮上。横向非均匀磨损会导致意想不到的空心磨损，导致法兰在低频段的振动，而周向非均匀磨损会导致垂直振动，这是由多边形现象引起的。这两种形式的磨损在车轮上相互耦合，影响轮轨系统的动态行为。在本文中，建立了一个包含车轮轮廓 3D 几何形状的轮轨接触动力学模型，并将其应用于车辆系统动力学。结果表明，轮轨的接触力学性能受3D车轮轮廓的影响很大。