In 2018, I was honored to receive the Bernard Sachs Award for a lifetime of work expanding knowledge of diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Summarizing work over more than 30 years is difficult but is an opportunity to chronicle the dramatic changes in the medical and scientific world that have transformed the field of Child Neurology over this time, as reflected in my own work. Here I have chosen to highlight 5 broad themes of my research beginning with my interest in descriptive terms that drive wider understanding and my choice for the title of this review. From there I will go on to contrast the state of knowledge as I entered the field with the state of knowledge today for four human brain malformations – lissencephaly, megalencephaly, cerebellar malformations, and polymicrogyria. For all, the changes have been dramatic.

2018 年，我很荣幸获得伯纳德·萨克斯奖，以表彰我在扩展各种神经发育障碍知识方面所做的毕生工作。总结 30 多年的工作很困难，但这是一个记录医学和科学界在这段时间内改变了儿童神经学领域的巨大变化的机会，正如我自己的工作所反映的那样。在这里，我选择突出我研究的 5 个广泛主题，首先是我对推动更广泛理解的描述性术语的兴趣以及我对这篇评论标题的选择。从那里我将继续将我进入该领域时的知识状态与今天对四种人类大脑畸形的知识状态进行对比——无脑畸形、巨脑畸形、小脑畸形和多小脑回。总之，变化是巨大的。