Mulberry (Morus spp.) has always been a favorite plant of gardners, farmers and researchers because of its edible fruits, medicinal properties and timber. We have investigated the morphological, physiological and chemical variabilities of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry genotypes grown in four regions of Iran. Among the genotypes assessed, fresh fruit weight varied between 3.2 and 87.9 g, total chlorophyll ranged from 4.3 to 13.4 mg/g fresh weight and vitamin C content ranged from 5.5 to 64 mg per 100 g. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity was 275 and 1575 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) 100 g⁻¹ fresh weight, respectively. The population analysis indicated that the Gorgan population, in terms of morphological and physiological traits, and Shahrood population, in terms of chemical traits, had the highest coefficient of variation. Correlation analysis showed that fruit size and taste were positively correlated with foliar traits and that phenolic content was positively correlated with both antioxidant activity and total soluble solids (TSS). Of the indices assessed, the Berger–Parker index was the most valuable because it was able to identify significant differences between populations in terms of the studied traits. The results of this study confirm that Iran is one of the mulberry phenotypic and biochemical diversity areas and provide information of possible use for the development, conservation and selection of parents for cross-combinations in breeding programs.

桑椹 ( Morus spp.) 因其可食用的果实、药用特性和木材，一直是园艺师、农民和研究人员最喜欢的植物。我们调查了伊朗四个地区种植的白桑树( Morus alba )、红色桑树( Morus rubra ) 和黑色桑树( Morus nigra )的形态、生理和化学变异。在评估的基因型中，鲜果重介于 3.2 至 87.9 克之间，总叶绿素介于 4.3 至 13.4 毫克/克鲜重之间，维生素 C 含量介于 5.5 至 64 毫克/100 克之间。最高和最低的抗氧化活性分别为 275 和 1575 毫克抗坏血酸当量 (AAE) 100 g ^-1分别为鲜重。种群分析表明，Gorgan种群在形态和生理性状方面的变异系数最高，Shahrood种群在化学性状方面的变异系数最高。相关分析表明，果实大小和味道与叶面性状呈正相关，酚类含量与抗氧化活性和总可溶性固形物（TSS）呈正相关。在评估的指数中，Berger-Parker 指数是最有价值的，因为它能够识别人群之间在研究性状方面的显着差异。这项研究的结果证实，伊朗是桑树表型和生化多样性地区之一，并提供了可能用于开发的信息，