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Evolutionary Changes in Pathways and Networks of Genes Expressed in the Brains of Humans and Macaques
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01874-y
Yuequn Ma 1 , Changying Cao 1 , Mengwen Zhao 1 , Xinhua Liu 1 , Feng Cheng 2 , Ju Wang 1
Affiliation  

As the key organ that separates humans from nonhuman primates, the brain has continuously evolved to adapt to environmental and climatic changes. Although humans share most genetic, molecular, and cellular features with other primates such as macaques, there are significant differences in the structure and function of the brain between humans and these species. Thus, exploring the differences between the brains of human and nonhuman primates in the context of evolution will provide insights into the development, functionality, and diseases of the human central nervous system (CNS). Since the genes involved in many aspects of the human brain are under common pressures of natural selection, their evolutionary features can be analyzed collectively at the pathway level. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying human brain capabilities were explored by comparing the evolution features of pathways enriched in genes expressed in the human brain and the macaque brain. We identified 31 pathways with differential evolutionary properties, including those related to neurological diseases, signal transduction, immunological response, and metabolic processes. By analyzing genes differentially expressed in brain regions or development stages between humans and macaques, 9 and 4 pathways with differential evolutionary properties were detected, respectively. We further performed crosstalk analysis on the pathways to obtain an intuitive correlation between the pathways, which is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of interaction between pathways. Our results provide on a comprehensive view of the evolutionary pathways of the human CNS and can serve as a reference for the study of human brain development.



中文翻译:

人类和猕猴大脑中表达的基因通路和网络的进化变化

作为区分人类与非人类灵长类动物的关键器官,大脑不断进化以适应环境和气候变化。尽管人类与猕猴等其他灵长类动物具有大多数遗传、分子和细胞特征,但人类与这些物种之间的大脑结构和功能存在显着差异。因此,在进化的背景下探索人类和非人类灵长类动物大脑之间的差异,将为人类中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的发育、功能和疾病提供见解。由于涉及人类大脑许多方面的基因都处于自然选择的共同压力下,因此可以在通路水平上对它们的进化特征进行集体分析。在这项研究中,通过比较人脑和猕猴大脑中表达的基因丰富的途径的进化特征,探索了人脑能力的分子机制。我们确定了 31 种具有不同进化特性的途径,包括与神经疾病、信号转导、免疫反应和代谢过程相关的途径。通过分析人类和猕猴大脑区域或发育阶段差异表达的基因,分别检测到9条和4条具有不同进化特性的通路。我们进一步对通路进行了串扰分析,以获得通路之间的直观相关性,这有助于理解通路之间的相互作用机制。

更新日期:2021-06-30
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