Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of olive oil residues was conducted at various temperatures (250, 270, 300 and 330 °C) and residence times (5, 15, 30, and 60 min). The effect of metal chlorides (AlCl₃ and SnCl₂) on product yields and compositions was investigated under optimum conditions (300 °C for 15 min). Bio-oil and solid residue yields from the non-catalytic run were 30.8 and 31.8 wt%, respectively. Use of metal chlorides led to decreased bio-oil yields and increased solid residue yields. Experiments were also carried out using methanol, with and without catalysts, and under identical conditions. The bio-oil yield from the non-catalytic supercritical methanol liquefaction (SCMEL) was 33.5 wt%, increasing to 40.3 wt% with AlCl₃, however, SnCl₂ had almost no effect on bio-oil yield. The heating values of bio-oils from HTL runs were higher than those of corresponding SCMEL runs, and the highest heating value of bio-oil (34 MJ/kg) was obtained with AlCl₃. Phenols and ketones were major bio-oil constituents in the HTL runs, whereas esters were the most abundant compounds in bio-oils from SCMEL runs.

橄榄油残渣的水热液化 (HTL) 在不同温度（250、270、300 和 330 °C）和停留时间（5、15、30 和 60 分钟）下进行。在最佳条件下（300 °C 15 分钟）研究了金属氯化物（AlCl ₃和 SnCl ₂）对产物产率和组成的影响。来自非催化运行的生物油和固体残留物产率分别为 30.8 和 31.8 重量％。金属氯化物的使用导致生物油产量降低和固体残留物产量增加。还使用甲醇在有和没有催化剂的情况下在相同条件下进行了实验。非催化超临界甲醇液化 (SCMEL) 的生物油收率为 33.5 wt%，使用 AlCl ₃增加到 40.3 wt% ，然而，SnCl₂对生物油产量几乎没有影响。来自 HTL 运行的生物油的热值高于相应的 SCMEL 运行的热值，并且使用 AlCl ₃获得了生物油的最高热值（34 MJ/kg）。酚类和酮类是 HTL 运行中主要的生物油成分，而酯类是 SCMEL 运行中生物油中含量最丰富的化合物。