Scanning tunneling microscopy combined with terahertz (THz) electromagnetic pulses and its related technologies have developed remarkably. This technology has atomic-level spatial resolution in an ultrahigh vacuum and low-temperature environment, and it measures the electrical dynamical behavior of a sample’s surface with femtosecond temporal resolution. In particular, it has been used to image the diffusion and relaxation dynamics of electrons in real time and real space and even instantaneously control molecular motions. In this Perspective, we focus on recent progress in research and development of ultrafast time-resolved THz scanning tunneling microscopy and its application to materials research.

中文翻译：

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超快时间分辨太赫兹扫描隧道显微镜研究进展

结合太赫兹（THz）电磁脉冲的扫描隧道显微镜及其相关技术得到了显着发展。该技术在超高真空和低温环境中具有原子级空间分辨率，并以飞秒的时间分辨率测量样品表面的电动力学行为。特别是，它已被用于实时和真实空间成像电子的扩散和弛豫动力学，甚至即时控制分子运动。在这个视角中，我们重点关注超快时间分辨太赫兹扫描隧道显微镜的研究和开发及其在材料研究中的应用的最新进展。