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EXPRESS: The Role of Contingency and Correlation in the Stroop Task
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1177/17470218211032548
Nabil Hasshim 1 , Benjamin A Parris 2
Affiliation  

Facilitation (faster responses to Congruent trials compared to Neutral trials) in the Stroop task has been a difficult effect for models of cognitive control to explain. The current research investigated the role of word-response contingency, word-colour correlation, and proportion congruency in producing Stroop effects. Contingency and correlation refers to the probability of specific word-response and word-colour pairings that are implicitly learnt while performing the task. Pairs that have a higher probability of occurring are responded to faster, a finding that challenges top-down attention control accounts of Stroop task performance. However studies that try to experimentally control for contingency and correlation typically do so by increasing the proportion of incongruent trials in the task, which cognitive control accounts posit affects interference control via the top-down biasing of attention. The present research focused on whether facilitation is also affected by contingency and correlation while additionally looking at the effect of proportion congruency. This was done in two experiments that compared the typical design of Stroop task experiments (i.e., having equal proportions of Congruent and Incongruent trials but also contingency and correlational biases) to: a) a design that had unequal congruency proportions but no contingency or correlation (Experiment 1), and b) a design where the correlation is biased but proportion congruency and contingency were not (Experiment 2). Results did not support the hypotheses that contingency or correlation affected facilitation. Interference was almost halved in the alternative design of Experiment 2, demonstrating an effect of contingency learning in typical measures of Stroop interference.



中文翻译:

EXPRESS: Stroop 任务中偶然性和相关性的作用

Stroop 任务中的促进(与中性试验相比,对一致试验的反应更快)一直是认知控制模型难以解释的效果。目前的研究调查了词反应偶然性、词颜色相关性和比例一致性在产生 Stroop 效应中的作用。偶然性和相关性是指在执行任务时隐式学习的特定词-响应和词-颜色配对的概率。发生概率较高的配对反应更快,这一发现挑战了对 Stroop 任务表现的自上而下的注意力控制解释。然而,试图通过实验控制偶然性和相关性的研究通常通过增加任务中不一致试验的比例来实现,哪些认知控制帐户通过自上而下的注意力偏差影响干扰控制。目前的研究侧重于便利化是否也受到偶然性和相关性的影响,同时还关注了比例一致性的影响。这是在两个实验中完成的,这些实验将 Stroop 任务实验的典型设计(即,具有相等比例的一致和不一致试验,但也有偶然性和相关性偏差)与:a)具有不相等的一致性比例但没有偶然性或相关性的设计(实验 1) 和 b) 相关性有偏差但比例一致性和偶然性没有偏差的设计(实验 2)。结果不支持偶然性或相关性影响促进的假设。

更新日期:2021-06-30
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