Background

Substance use research has focused on family history of alcohol use disorders but less on other addictions in biological family members. We examined how parental substance use history relates to reward system functioning, specifically nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and putamen activation at age 9–10 in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. This research hopes to address limitations in prior literature by focusing analyses on a large, substance-naïve sample.

Method

We included ABCD participants with valid Monetary Incentive Delay task fMRI Baseline data and parent substance use history at project baseline from Data Release 2.0 (N = 10,622). Parent-history-positive (PH+) participants had one or both biological parents with a history of two+problems with alcohol (n = 741; PH+A) and/or other drugs (n = 638; PH+D). Of participants who were parent-history-negative (PH-) for alcohol and/or drugs, a stratified random sample based on six sociodemographic variables was created and matched to the PH+group (PH-A n = 699; PH-D n = 615). The contrast of interest was anticipation of a large reward vs. neutral response.

Results

PH+A youth had more activation in the right NAcc during large reward anticipation than PH-A. PH+D youth showed enhanced left putamen activation during large reward anticipation than PH-D youth. Bayesian hypothesis testing showed moderate evidence (BF > 3) in favor of the null hypothesis.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that pre-adolescents whose biological parents had a history of substance-related problems show small differences in reward processing compared to their PH- peers.

中文翻译：

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儿童奖励神经回路和父母物质使用历史：青少年大脑认知发展研究的结果

背景

物质使用研究的重点是酒精使用障碍的家族史，但较少关注生物家庭成员的其他成瘾。我们在青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究中检查了父母物质使用历史与奖励系统功能的关系，特别是伏隔核 (NAcc) 和 9-10 岁时的壳核激活。这项研究希望通过集中分析一个大型的、物质天真的样本来解决先前文献中的局限性。

方法

我们在数据发布 2.0 (N = 10,622) 的项目基线中纳入了具有有效货币激励延迟任务 fMRI 基线数据和母体物质使用历史的 ABCD 参与者。父母病史阳性 (PH+) 的参与者有一个或两个亲生父母有两个以上的酗酒史（n = 741；PH+A）和/或其他药物（n = 638；PH+D）。在酒精和/或药物父母史阴性 (PH-) 的参与者中，创建了一个基于六个社会人口统计学变量的分层随机样本，并将其与 PH+ 组匹配（PH-A n = 699；PH-D n = 615)。感兴趣的对比是对大奖励与中性反应的预期。

结果

在大奖励预期期间，PH+A 青年的右侧 NAcc 比 PH-A 激活更多。与 PH-D 青年相比，PH+D 青年在大奖励预期期间表现出增强的左壳核激活。贝叶斯假设检验显示支持零假设的中等证据 (BF > 3)。

结论

这些研究结果表明，与他们的 PH 同龄人相比，其亲生父母有过物质相关问题历史的青春期前儿童在奖励处理方面表现出微小的差异。