In this study, a Magnetic Levitation Energy Harvester (MLEH) was designed and fabricated. The magnetic field distribution and power generation performance of multiple cylindrical magnets were studied. The full factorial design (FFD) of L₂₀ (2² × 5) test was carried out with the sliding magnet arrangement, coil arrangement and wiring method as the control factors, and the output power as target factor. Sweeping-frequency vibration tests and railroad spectrum random vibration tests were conducted to verify the power generation capacity of the prototype. Experimental results show that the device has a broadband response and the railroad vibration test proves the effectiveness of harvester in the application scenario for powering the rail-side sensors. The range of maximum output voltage, power and corresponding frequency in sweeping-frequency vibration tests with the amplitude of 1 to 10 mm and frequency of 5 to 50 Hz are 1.5 to 4.5 V; 1.80 to 17.0 mW and 9.7 to 30.8 Hz. The maximum output voltage and power are 1.33 V and 1.47 mW based on the measured railroad spectrum. Finally, a retrospective review in the efficiency, effectiveness and volume figure of merit is conducted to evaluate the performance of MLEH, indicating a high power density of the proposed harvester.

在这项研究中，设计和制造了磁悬浮能量收集器 (MLEH)。研究了多个圆柱磁铁的磁场分布和发电性能。全因子设计（FFD）的大号₂₀（2 ² × 5) 试验以滑动磁铁排列、线圈排列和接线方式为控制因素，输出功率为目标因素。进行了扫频振动试验和铁路频谱随机振动试验，验证了样机的发电能力。实验结果表明，该装置具有宽带响应，铁路振动测试证明了采集器在应用场景中为轨侧传感器供电的有效性。振幅1～10mm、频率5～50Hz的扫频振动试验最大输出电压、功率及对应频率范围为1.5～4.5V；1.80 至 17.0 mW 和 9.7 至 30.8 Hz。根据测得的铁路频谱，最大输出电压和功率为 1.33 V 和 1.47 mW。最后，