Ferroelectric biomaterials have been widely investigated and demonstrated to enhance osteogenesis by simulating the inherent electrical properties of bone tissues. Nevertheless, the underlying biological processes are still not wellunderstood. Hence, this study investigated the underlying biological processes by which bone piezoelectricity-mimicking barium titanate/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanocomposite membranes (BTO nanocomposite membranes) promote osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs). Ourresults revealed that the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) of nanocomposite membranes aftercontrolled corona poling was similar to that of native bone, and exhibited highly-stable piezoelectrical properties and concentrated surface electrical potential. These nanocomposite membranes significantly enhanced the adhesion and spreading of BMSCs, which was manifested as increased number and area of mature focal adhesions. Furthermore, the nanocomposite membranes significantly promoted the expression of integrin receptors genes (α1, α5 andβ3), which in turn enhanced osteogenesis of BMSCs, as manifested by upregulated Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) expression levels. Further investigations found that the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase1/2 (ERK 1/2) signaling axis may be involved in the biological process of polarized nanocomposite membrane-induced osteogenesis. This study thus provides useful insights for betterunderstanding of the biological processes by which piezoelectric or ferroelectric biomaterials promote osteogenesis.

中文翻译：

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骨压电模拟纳米复合膜通过增强细胞粘附和肌动蛋白细胞骨架增强骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。

铁电生物材料已被广泛研究并证明可通过模拟骨组织的固有电特性来增强成骨。然而，潜在的生物过程仍然没有被很好地理解。因此，本研究调查了骨压电模拟钛酸钡/聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯）纳米复合膜（BTO 纳米复合膜）促进骨髓间充质干细胞 (BMSC) 成骨的潜在生物过程。我们的结果表明，压电系数 ( d ₃₃) 受控电晕极化后的纳米复合膜与天然骨相似，并表现出高度稳定的压电特性和集中的表面电位。这些纳米复合膜显着增强了 BMSCs 的粘附和扩散，这表现为成熟粘着斑的数量和面积增加。此外，纳米复合膜显着促进了整合素受体基因（α1、α5和β）的表达。3），这反过来增强了 BMSCs 的成骨，表现为碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和骨形态发生蛋白 2（BMP2）表达水平上调。进一步研究发现，Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase1/2 (ERK 1/2) 信号轴可能参与极化纳米复合膜诱导成骨的生物过程。因此，这项研究为更好地理解压电或铁电生物材料促进成骨的生物过程提供了有用的见解。