In search of bioactive vascular prostheses that exhibit greater biocompatibility through the combination of natural and synthetic polymers, tissue engineering from a biomimetic perspective has proposed the development of three-dimensional structures as therapeutic strategies in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Techniques such as electrospinning allow obtaining of scaffolds that emulate the microarchitecture of the extracellular matrix of native vessels; thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biological influence of microarchitecture on polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydrolyzed collagen (H-Col) electrospun scaffolds, which have a homogeneous (microscale) or heterogeneous (micro-nanoscale) fibrillar structure. The hemolytic, biocompatible, and functional effect of the scaffolds in interaction with an in vitro fibroblast model was determined, in view of its potential use for vascular implants. Scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wettability, static permeability, tensile test, and degradation. In addition, direct and indirect 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were used to identify the cell viability of fibroblasts, fluorescence assays were performed to establish morphological changes of the cell nuclei, and the hemolytic effect of the scaffolds was calculated. Results showed that ethanol-treated biocompositescaffolds exhibited mass losses lower than 6.65% and slow wettability and absorption, resulting from an increase in secondary structures that contribute to the crystalline phase of H-Col. The scaffolds demonstrated stable degradation in saline during the incubation period because of the availability of soluble structures in aqueous media, and the inclusion of H-Col increased the elastic properties of the scaffold. As regards hemocompatibility, the scaffolds had hemolysis levels lower than 1%; moreover, in terms of biocompatible characteristics, scaffolds exhibited good adhesion, proliferation, and cell viability and insignificant changes in the circularity of the cell nuclei. However, scaffolds with homogeneous fibers showed cell agglomerates after 48 h of interaction. By contrast, permeability decreased as the incubation period progressed, because of the cellularization of the three-dimensional structure. In conclusion, multiscale scaffolds could exhibit a suitable behavior as a bioactive small-diameter vascular implant.

中文翻译：

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细胞化聚己内酯水解胶原电纺膜的溶血、生物相容性和功能效应，可能用作血管植入物。

为了寻求通过天然和合成聚合物的组合表现出更大生物相容性的生物活性血管假体，从仿生学角度出发的组织工程提出了开发三维结构作为心血管医学领域的治疗策略。静电纺丝等技术可以获得模拟天然血管细胞外基质微结构的支架；因此，本研究旨在评估微结构对聚己内酯 (PCL) 和水解胶原蛋白 (H-Col) 电纺支架的生物学影响，这些支架具有均质（微尺度）或异质（微纳米尺度）纤维结构。支架与体外相互作用的溶血、生物相容性和功能作用鉴于其在血管植入物中的潜在用途，确定了成纤维细胞模型。通过扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、润湿性、静态渗透性、拉伸试验和降解对支架进行表征。此外，直接和间接的 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物测定用于鉴定成纤维细胞的细胞活力，进行荧光测定以建立细胞核的形态变化，并计算支架的溶血作用。结果表明，乙醇处理的生物复合材料支架表现出低于 6.65% 的质量损失和缓慢的润湿性和吸收性，这是由于有助于 H-Col 结晶相的二级结构的增加。由于水性介质中可溶结构的存在，支架在生理盐水中表现出稳定降解，并且包含 H-Col 增加了支架的弹性。在血液相容性方面，支架的溶血水平低于 1%；此外，在生物相容性方面，支架表现出良好的粘附、增殖和细胞活力，细胞核的圆形度变化不大。然而，具有均质纤维的支架在相互作用 48 小时后显示出细胞团块。相比之下，由于三维结构的细胞化，渗透性随着潜伏期的进行而降低。总之，多尺度支架可以表现出作为生物活性小直径血管植入物的合适行为。