Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapeutic strategies have achieved remarkable efficacies. Oral tissue-derived MSCs, with powerful self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities, possess the features of abundant sources and easy accessibility and hold great potential in tissue regeneration and disease therapies. Oral MSCs mainly consist of periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem. Early immunoinflammatory response stage is the prerequisite phase of healing process. Besides the potent capacities of differentiation and regeneration, oral MSCs are capable of interacting with various immune cells and function as immunomodulatory regulators. Consequently, the immunomodulatory effects of oral MSCs during damage repair seem to be crucial for exploring novel immunomodulatory strategies to achieve disease recovery and tissue regeneration. Herein, we reviewed various oral MSCs with their immunomodulatory properties and the potential mechanism, as well as their effects on immunomodulation-mediated disease therapies and tissue regeneration.

中文翻译：

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口腔间充质干细胞的免疫调节功能：组织再生和疾病治疗的新力量

基于间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 的治疗策略取得了显着的疗效。口腔组织来源的间充质干细胞具有强大的自我更新和多向分化能力，具有来源丰富、易于获取的特点，在组织再生和疾病治疗方面具有巨大潜力。口腔间充质干细胞主要由牙周膜干细胞、牙龈间充质干细胞、牙髓干细胞、人脱落乳牙干细胞、根尖乳头干细胞、牙囊干细胞和牙槽骨间充质干细胞组成。早期免疫炎症反应阶段是愈合过程的先决阶段。除了强大的分化和再生能力，口腔间充质干细胞能够与各种免疫细胞相互作用并起到免疫调节调节剂的作用。因此，口腔间充质干细胞在损伤修复过程中的免疫调节作用似乎对于探索实现疾病恢复和组织再生的新型免疫调节策略至关重要。在此，我们回顾了各种口服 MSCs 及其免疫调节特性和潜在机制，以及它们对免疫调节介导的疾病治疗和组织再生的影响。