Immunotherapies that were developed based on our understandings of tumor immunology have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the success of immunotherapy is eclipsed by several grand challenges, including low response rate, intrinsic/acquired resistance and adverse effects. While a deeper understanding of the interaction between tumor and our immune system, especially the tumor immune niche, is essential to overcome those challenges, we are limited by the fact that most of our knowledge about tumor immunology is based on studies analyzing bulk populations of cells, which are often unable to fully characterize the various cell types and states engaged in immune cell functions. The advent of cutting single-cell genomic technologies empowers us to dissect the tumor immune niche in a genome-wide and spatially resolved manner in single cells, trace their clonal histories, and unveil their regulatory circuits. Future studies on tumor immunology in the age of single-cell genomics, therefore, hold the promise to develop more effective and precise immunotherapies for human cancers. In this perspective, we will discuss how advanced single-cell genomics approaches will revolutionize tumor immunology research and immunotherapies by catering the demand in the field of tumor immunology.

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单细胞基因组学时代的肿瘤免疫学

基于我们对肿瘤免疫学的理解而开发的免疫疗法已经彻底改变了癌症治疗。然而，免疫疗法的成功被几个重大挑战所掩盖，包括低反应率、内在/获得性耐药和不良反应。虽然更深入地了解肿瘤与我们的免疫系统之间的相互作用，尤其是肿瘤免疫生态位，对于克服这些挑战至关重要，但我们受到的限制是，我们关于肿瘤免疫学的大部分知识都是基于对大量细胞进行分析的研究，通常无法完全表征参与免疫细胞功能的各种细胞类型和状态。切割单细胞基因组技术的出现使我们能够在单细胞中以全基因组和空间解析的方式剖析肿瘤免疫生态位，追踪它们的克隆历史，并揭示它们的调节回路。因此，在单细胞基因组学时代对肿瘤免疫学的未来研究有望为人类癌症开发更有效和精确的免疫疗法。从这个角度来看，我们将讨论先进的单细胞基因组学方法如何通过满足肿瘤免疫学领域的需求来彻底改变肿瘤免疫学研究和免疫疗法。