One of the strategies for overcoming global climate change threatening to decrease maize yield is early sowing. To contribute to the development of cold-tolerant hybrids this research focused on the genetic background's comparative analysis in maize inbreds with good combining ability. Leaf whole-transcriptome sequencing of 46 maize genotypes revealed 77 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Lancaster and other heterotic groups (i.e. BSSS, Iowa dent, Ohio), referred to as non-Lancaster group, under optimal growing conditions. Cold test of the subset of four Lancaster and four non-Lancaster lines showed that the former were cold sensitive and the latter cold tolerant. Cold-induced expression analysis of seven DEGs in eight lines revealed different expression regulation dependent on the duration of cold exposure and genetic background for six out of seven analysed genes—chloroplast ATP-sulphurylase, photosystem II cytochrome b559 alpha subunit, CIPK serine-threonine protein kinase 15, glutamyl-tRNA reductase, photosystem II reaction centre protein I and Calvin cycle CP12-chloroplastic-like encoding genes. The results imply that differently regulated basic processes between Lancaster and non-Lancaster maize group involve, at least, photosynthesis and sulphate assimilation, contributing to their different cold response and different adaptation to low temperatures.

中文翻译：

---

兰开斯特与其他杂种优势玉米自交系的叶片转录组分析揭示了冷反应基因的不同调控

克服威胁玉米产量下降的全球气候变化的策略之一是早播。为促进耐寒杂交种的开发，本研究着重于具有良好配合力的玉米自交系的遗传背景比较分析。46 种玉米基因型的叶片全转录组测序揭示了在最佳生长条件下，兰开斯特和其他杂种优势组（即 BSSS，爱荷华州，俄亥俄州）之间的 77 个差异表达基因 (DEG)，称为非兰开斯特组。4个兰开斯特品系和4个非兰开斯特品系子集的冷试验表明，前者对冷敏感，后者耐冷。对 8 个系中 7 个 DEG 的冷诱导表达分析揭示了不同的表达调控，这取决于冷暴露时间和 7 个分析基因中的 6 个的遗传背景——叶绿体 ATP-硫酸化酶、光系统 II 细胞色素 b559 α 亚基、CIPK 丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶 15、谷氨酰-tRNA 还原酶、光系统 II 反应中心蛋白 I 和卡尔文循环 CP12-叶绿体样编码基因。结果表明，兰开斯特和非兰开斯特玉米组之间不同调节的基本过程至少涉及光合作用和硫酸盐同化，导致它们不同的冷响应和对低温的不同适应。谷氨酰-tRNA还原酶、光系统II反应中心蛋白I和卡尔文循环CP12-叶绿体样编码基因。结果表明，兰开斯特和非兰开斯特玉米组之间不同调节的基本过程至少涉及光合作用和硫酸盐同化，导致它们不同的冷响应和对低温的不同适应。谷氨酰-tRNA还原酶、光系统II反应中心蛋白I和卡尔文循环CP12-叶绿体样编码基因。结果表明，兰开斯特和非兰开斯特玉米组之间不同调节的基本过程至少涉及光合作用和硫酸盐同化，导致它们不同的冷响应和对低温的不同适应。