Nanomaterial-enabled electrochemical sensors are designed as an economical, efficient, and user-friendly analytical tool for on-site and routine nitrate analysis over a wide range of environmental samples. The remarkable advances and tunable attributes of nanomaterials have greatly improved the analytical performance of electrochemical nitrate sensors. In this review, a comprehensive elucidation of the recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical nitrate sensors is presented. The review firstly provides a general introduction, followed by typical electrochemical sensing methods. The next two sections detail various nanomaterials, including graphene derivatives, carbon nanotubes/fibers, metal/bimetal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and conducting polymers for modifying electrodes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical nitrate sensors. Finally, the perspectives and current challenges in achieving real-world applications of nanomaterial-based electrochemical nitrate sensors are outlined.

支持纳米材料的电化学传感器被设计为一种经济、高效且用户友好的分析工具，用于对各种环境样品进行现场和常规硝酸盐分析。纳米材料的显着进步和可调属性极大地提高了电化学硝酸盐传感器的分析性能。在这篇综述中，全面阐述了基于纳米材料的电化学硝酸盐传感器的最新进展。综述首先提供一般性介绍，然后是典型的电化学传感方法。接下来的两节详细介绍了各种纳米材料，包括石墨烯衍生物、碳纳米管/纤维、金属/双金属/金属氧化物纳米颗粒，以及用于修饰酶促和非酶促电化学硝酸盐传感器电极的导电聚合物。