Abstract

India is one of the fastest growing nations in the world with ample scope for renewable energy. Nevertheless, challenges in expansion of renewable energy consumption have resulted in pollutant emissions continuing to be a noteworthy environmental concern in India. This paper investigates the relationship between energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and international tourist arrivals in India during 1991-2018, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Vector Error Correction Model frameworks. This study extends the Indian literature on economic growth, energy consumption, and pollutant emissions nexus by including tourism, an energy-intensive industry in the model specification. Results reveal that energy consumption and tourism positively contribute to CO₂ emissions. A long-run unidirectional causality running from energy consumption, GDP, GDP², and tourist arrivals towards CO₂ emissions is observed. Our results suggest that sustainable tourism, energy consumption, and economic growth should be at the forefront of the economic development agenda of India.

摘要

印度是世界上发展最快的国家之一，拥有充足的可再生能源发展空间。然而，扩大可再生能源消费的挑战导致污染物排放继续成为印度值得注意的环境问题。本文使用自回归分布滞后和向量误差校正模型框架研究了 1991-2018 年印度能源消耗、CO ₂排放量、国内生产总值 (GDP) 和国际游客人数之间的关系。本研究扩展了印度关于经济增长、能源消耗和污染物排放关系的文献，将旅游业这一能源密集型行业纳入模型规范。结果表明，能源消耗和旅游业对 CO _{2 有}积极贡献排放。观察到从能源消耗、GDP、GDP ²和游客人数到 CO ₂排放的长期单向因果关系。我们的研究结果表明，可持续旅游业、能源消耗和经济增长应处于印度经济发展议程的最前沿。