Conservation agriculture (CA) is characterized by zero or minimum tillage, permanent land cover with crop residue or plant growth, and crop rotation. Only a few studies have addressed the impact of soil texture on relative CA:CP productivity, and none have simultaneously evaluated soil texture interactions with optimal residue retention rate. We simulated the interaction effects of soil texture and residue retention on crop yield for CA and conventional practices (CP) for a monsoon-season maize [Zea mays L.] and dry-season wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] double-cropping system in the midhills of Nepal. The simulation used 35 years of historical weather data, fifteen soil profile descriptions representing a range of soil texture classes, and variable rates of residue retention. Crop models were calibrated with field data and simulation results evaluated against measured field data from other published studies. Optimal maize residue retention rate was 60 % and optimal wheat residue retention rate was 10 %, regardless of soil texture. At optimal residue retention, CA maize yielded 0.37 Mg ha⁻¹ less than CP on clayey soils and 0.25 Mg ha⁻¹ less than CP on loam soils, equivalent to 5 % and 4 % yield loss, respectively. However, mean wheat yield was greater with CA than CP for all soil textures, with an average yield increase of 0.17 Mg ha⁻¹, or 18 % increase in wheat yield. The time required for CA to produce equivalent maize yields to CP increased by approximately 1.23 yr per % of soil clay. Possible non-linearities exist in the relationship between soil clay and time-to-equivalent maize yield. Wheat yield was more stable, but maize yield less stable, with CA compared with CP for all soil texture categories.

保护性农业 (CA) 的特点是零耕或最少耕作、具有作物残留物或植物生长的永久土地覆盖以及轮作。只有少数研究解决了土壤质地对相对 CA:CP 生产力的影响，并且没有一项研究同时评估土壤质地与最佳残留物保留率的相互作用。我们模拟了土壤质地和残留物保留对 CA 和常规做法 (CP) 对季风季玉米 [ Zea mays L.] 和旱季小麦 [ Triticum aestivum ]作物产量的相互作用影响L.] 尼泊尔中山的双熟系统。该模拟使用了 35 年的历史天气数据、代表一系列土壤质地类别的 15 种土壤剖面描述以及可变的残留物保留率。作物模型用田间数据校准，模拟结果根据其他已发表研究的实测田间数据进行评估。无论土壤质地如何，最佳玉米残留保持率为 60 %，最佳小麦残留保持率为 10 %。在最佳残留保留率下，CA 玉米在粘土上比 CP 少0.37 Mg ha ^-1和 0.25 Mg ha ^-1在壤土上低于 CP，分别相当于 5% 和 4% 的产量损失。然而，对于所有土壤质地，CA 的平均小麦产量高于 CP，平均产量增加 0.17 Mg ha ^-1，或小麦产量增加 18%。CA 生产与 CP 相当的玉米产量所需的时间每 % 土壤粘土增加约 1.23 年。土壤粘土与等价玉米产量之间的关系可能存在非线性。小麦产量更稳定，但玉米产量不太稳定，与所有土壤质地类别的 CP 相比，CA。