Russian philosophy underwent many phases: Westernism, Slavophilism, nihilism, pre-revolutionary religious philosophy, and dialectical materialism or Soviet philosophy. At first sight, each one of these phases seems antithetical to the preceding one. Yet, they all appear to have in common a certain negative attitude towards the subjectivism of Kantianism and German Idealism. In contrast to the latter, Russian philosophy typically displays a tendency towards ontologism, which is generally defined as the view that there is such a thing as being in itself, i.e., being independent of cognition, and that this being is to some extent knowable. We discern, in these otherwise diametrically opposed movements, an underlying ontologism that constitutes a common thread running in a straight line through the history of Russian philosophy. In this article, I provide an overview of Russian ontologism.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯本体论：概述

俄罗斯哲学经历了许多阶段：西方主义、斯拉夫主义、虚无主义、革命前的宗教哲学、辩证唯物主义或苏联哲学。乍一看，这些阶段中的每个阶段似乎都与前一个阶段相对立。然而，他们似乎都对康德主义和德国唯心主义的主观主义抱有某种共同的消极态度。与后者相反，俄罗斯哲学典型地表现出本体论的倾向，一般将其定义为认为存在自在之物，即独立于认知的存在，并且这种存在在某种程度上是可知的。在这些截然相反的运动中，我们发现了一种潜在的本体论，它构成了一条贯穿俄罗斯哲学史的直线。在本文中，