Plant-associated microbes (endophytes) have a significant relationship to enhance plant growth and crop productivity by producing proficient bioactive metabolites. Since endophytes promoted plant growth either directly by releasing active metabolites such as phytohormones or indirectly by suppressing the growth of phytopathogens, so, in this work, biomass yield of local endophytic Trichoderma harzianum was maximized at shake-flask scale and scaled up via 7-L Bioflo310 fermenter using continuous exponential fed-batch fermentation mode. Subsequently, the effect of these cells as bio-fertilizer was assessed using two-barley grain genotypes (Russian and Egyptian seeds) via an intelligent hydroponic system based on Internet of Things (IoT). To reduce the cost of a biomass production line, agro-waste media containing potato, onion, garlic, pea, and cabbage peels were chosen as the culturing medium. The pea peel medium was found to be the best producer of biomass (2.2 g/L). The cultivation factors were evaluated to improve this biomass yield. The results showed that the maximum biomass production (4.9 g/L) was reported by adjusting the medium pH at 5.0 that inoculated with 10% of spore suspension, then incubated at 30°C, and 200 rpm. Then, this biomass yield was scaled up kinetically (505.4 g/L) by using exponential fed-batch fermentation mode via a 7-L bioreactor. The stimulation impacts of this endophytic T. harzianum on the growth of different barley genotypes (Russian and Egyptian seeds) were determined using a controlled hydroponic chamber. The total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and carbohydrate amounts in treated Russian showed the proficient stimulation percentage (81.05, 80, 40.8%) compared to the Egyptian barley groups (76.39, 73.5, 25.9%) respectively. Also, the maximum carbohydrate content (83.95 ± 1.7%) was recorded in the case of Russian barley. Via this work, the optimal combination conditions for the cost-effective biomass production of endophytic T. harzianum were designed industrially via a fed-batch fermentation system using the cheapest culturing medium. Furthermore, by applying this promising bio-fertilizer, the total cost of barley production via an IoT hydroponic growing system was reduced. Besides, these animal diets (sprouted barley) could be produced in 3 cycles per month.

中文翻译：

---

物联网水培系统规模化生产高性价比生态型生物肥料及其在大麦青饲料上的应用

植物相关微生物（内生菌）通过产生丰富的生物活性代谢物，与促进植物生长和作物生产力具有重要关系。由于内生菌通过释放活性代谢物（如植物激素）或间接通过抑制植物病原体的生长来促进植物生长，因此，在这项工作中，本地内生木霉的生物量产量在摇瓶规模下最大化，并通过 7-L 放大Bioflo310 发酵罐采用连续指数补料分批发酵模式。随后，通过基于物联网 (IoT) 的智能水培系统，使用两种大麦谷物基因型（俄罗斯和埃及种子）评估了这些细胞作为生物肥料的效果。为了降低生物质生产线的成本，含有马铃薯、洋葱、大蒜、豌豆、并选择甘蓝皮作为培养基。豌豆皮培养基被发现是最好的生物质生产者 (2.2 g/L)。评估培养因素以提高该生物质产量。结果表明，通过将培养基 pH 值调整为 5.0，接种 10% 的孢子悬浮液，然后在 30°C 和 200 rpm 下培养，报告了最大的生物质产量 (4.9 g/L)。然后，通过使用指数补料分批发酵模式通过 7-L 生物反应器动态放大该生物质产量 (505.4 g/L)。这种内生哈茨木霉对不同大麦基因型（俄罗斯和埃及种子）生长的刺激影响是使用受控水培室确定的。经过处理的俄罗斯人的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和碳水化合物总量显示出有效的刺激百分比 (81.05, 80, 40. 8%) 与埃及大麦组 (76.39, 73.5, 25.9%) 相比。此外，俄罗斯大麦的碳水化合物含量最高 (83.95 ± 1.7%)。通过这项工作，通过使用最便宜的培养基的补料分批发酵系统在工业上设计了内生性哈茨木霉的具有成本效益的生物质生产的最佳组合条件。此外，通过应用这种有前途的生物肥料，通过物联网水培种植系统生产大麦的总成本降低了。此外，这些动物饲料（发芽的大麦）可以每月生产 3 个周期。通过使用最便宜的培养基的补料分批发酵系统在工业上设计了具有成本效益的内生哈茨木霉生物质生产的最佳组合条件。此外，通过应用这种有前途的生物肥料，通过物联网水培种植系统生产大麦的总成本降低了。此外，这些动物饲料（发芽的大麦）可以每月生产 3 个周期。通过使用最便宜的培养基的补料分批发酵系统在工业上设计了具有成本效益的内生哈茨木霉生物质生产的最佳组合条件。此外，通过应用这种有前途的生物肥料，通过物联网水培种植系统生产大麦的总成本降低了。此外，这些动物饲料（发芽的大麦）可以每月生产 3 个周期。