Systems design utilizes top-down and bottom-up approaches to influence social or economic systems such that a desired outcome is obtained. We characterize different approaches like network controllability, network interventions, nudging and mechanism design and discuss the problems involved. We argue that systems design cannot be reduced to solving complex optimization problems.

中文翻译：

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自下而上的设计系统：方面和问题

系统设计利用自上而下和自下而上的方法来影响社会或经济系统，从而获得预期的结果。我们描述了不同的方法，如网络可控性、网络干预、轻推和机制设计，并讨论了所涉及的问题。我们认为系统设计不能简化为解决复杂的优化问题。