The dynamics and thermodynamics of adsorption of hexadecyl ammonium with different numbers of carbon chains in montmorillonite (Mt) with different layer charge density and the structure of hexadecyl ammonium/Na-Mt composites were studied in this paper. The dynamic results show that the adsorption process of hexadecyl ammonium in Na-Mt fits well with the quasi-second-order dynamics equation. The reaction rate constant k is correlated negatively with the numbers of carbon chains and the dosages of hexadecyl ammonium, but positively with the layer charge density of Na-Mt. The thermodynamic results show that the adsorption of hexadecyl ammonium in Na-Mt is a spontaneous and exothermic process, in which the entropy change ΔS first increases and then decreases. The adsorption efficiency has a positive correlation with the numbers of carbon chains and the layer charge density, but a negative correlation with the dosage of hexadecyl ammonium. Under the same dosage of hexadecyl ammonium, when the layer charge density of Na-Mt is lower, fewer carbon chains are conducive to the spontaneous reaction. On the contrary, when the layer charge density of Na-Mt is higher, a greater number of carbon chains are beneficial to the spontaneous reaction. The results of structural characterization of hexadecyl ammonium/Na-Mt show that with the increase of the numbers of carbon chains, hexadecyl ammonium dosage and Na-Mt layer charge density, the d₍₀₀₁₎ value and orderly degree of hexadecyl ammonium/Na-Mt increase, but its BET surface area, pore volume and most probable pore radius decrease.

本文研究了不同层电荷密度的蒙脱石(Mt)中不同碳链数的十六烷基铵的吸附动力学和热力学以及十六烷基铵/Na-Mt复合材料的结构。动力学结果表明十六烷基铵在Na-Mt中的吸附过程符合准二阶动力学方程。反应速率常数k与碳链的数量和十六烷基铵的用量呈负相关，而与 Na-Mt 的层电荷密度呈正相关。热力学结果表明，十六烷基铵在Na-Mt中的吸附是一个自发放热过程，熵变ΔS先增大后减小。吸附效率与碳链数和层电荷密度呈正相关，与十六烷基铵用量呈负相关。在相同的十六烷基铵用量下，当Na-Mt的层电荷密度较低时，较少的碳链有利于自发反应。相反，当 Na-Mt 的层电荷密度较高时，更多数量的碳链有利于自发反应。₍₀₀₁₎值和十六烷基铵/Na-Mt 的有序度增加，但其 BET 表面积、孔体积和最可能的孔半径减小。