In this study, the occurrence, distribution, sources, and risk of 29 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four kinds of environmental matrices in the Bohai Sea were investigated. The ∑PFAS concentrations were in the range of 0.40 ~ 61.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) in inflow river sediments, 0.48 ~ 61.4 ng/g dw in soil near river inflow, 0.37 ~ 4.18 ng/g dw in sea sediments, and 13.3 ~ 718 ng/L in seawater. PFAS with eight carbons accounted for > 62.2% by mass, in all samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS both by mass and occurrence. Seawater from Laizhou Bay (south of the Bohai Sea) and sediments of Liaodong Bay (northeast of the Bohai Sea) had the highest levels of ∑PFAS. The sediment–water partition coefficient and organic carbon content normalized partition coefficient (log K_d and log K_oc) were calculated using measured PFAS concentrations to determine their distribution in seawater and sea sediments. The values of log K_d and log K_oc values increased with the increasing CF₂ units for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Six primary sources were identified in this region, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), metal plating, food packages, fluorine chemical industry, fluoropolymer manufacture, and domestic pollution. The risk quotient (RQ) values of PFAS were all < 1, indicating that organisms of the Bohai Sea were at low risk of PFAS exposure.

本研究调查了渤海四种环境基质中 29 种遗留和新出现的全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的发生、分布、来源和风险。∑PFAS 浓度在流入河流沉积物中的范围为 0.40 ~ 61.4 ng/g 干重 (dw)，在河流入流附近的土壤中为 0.48 ~ 61.4 ng/g dw，在海洋沉积物中为 0.37 ~ 4.18 ng/g dw，以及13.3 ~ 718 ng/L 在海水中。在所有样品中，含有 8 个碳的 PFAS 占质量的 > 62.2%。全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 是占主导地位的 PFAS，无论是在质量上还是在发生率上。莱州湾（渤海以南）海水和辽东湾（渤海东北）沉积物中∑PFAS含量最高。沉积物-水分配系数和有机碳含量归一化分配系数（log K_d和 log K _oc ) 是使用测量的 PFAS 浓度计算的，以确定它们在海水和海洋沉积物中的分布。对于全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCA) 和全氟烷烃磺酸 (PFSA)，log K _d和 log K _oc值随着 CF₂单元的增加而增加。该地区确定了六个主要来源，包括水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）、金属电镀、食品包装、氟化工、含氟聚合物制造和生活污染。PFAS的风险商（RQ）值均<1，表明渤海生物接触PFAS的风险较低。