Starting from late seventies, many observations have been reported about observations in space of signals reconciled with earthquakes and claimed as possible preseismic measurements. The detected parameters range from electromagnetic field components (in a large band of frequencies) to plasmas parameters; from particles detection to thermal anomalies; etc. Up to the DEMETER mission, the analyses have been carried out on datasets gathered by not devoted satellites. Even beyond the results obtained, the DEMETER mission has constituted a milestone for space-based investigations of seismo-associated phenomena drawing a baseline for next missions with respect instruments, observational strategy and measurements uncertainty. Nowadays, the CSES-01 satellite – developed within a sino-italian collaboration with the participation also of Austrian Institutes – represents the most advanced mission for investigating near-Earth electromagnetic environment aimed at extending the observation of earthquake precursors to a long time series. The benefit of the mission is even higher by considering that CSES-01 is the first of a program of several LEO small satellites, the second of which will be launched on 2023 with the same instruments and orbit of CSES-01, but with a shift of half of an orbit in order to monitor each trace twice per orbit. The article gives a short survey of space-based observations of preseismic phenomena from the early studies up to the more recent ones, critically reviewing results, hypotheses and trends in this research field. The supposed physical processes proposed to explain the observations are still unable to explain the large variety of the phenomenology, the statistical significance of the results are highly debated, and more in general a common consensus is still missing. Anyway, the investigation of the seismo-associated phenomena from space is a challenge for near future Earth observation.

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从太空寻找地震前兆：批判性评论

从 70 年代后期开始，已经报道了许多关于在空间中观测与地震协调的信号并声称可能是震前测量的观测。检测到的参数范围从电磁场分量（在大频带中）到等离子体参数；从粒子检测到热异常；等等。直到 DEMETER 任务，已经对非专用卫星收集的数据集进行了分析。甚至在获得的结果之外，DEMETER 任务已成为对地震相关现象进行天基调查的里程碑，为下一次任务制定了基线，包括仪器、观测策略和测量不确定性。如今，CSES-01 卫星 - 由中意合作开发，奥地利研究所也参与其中 - 代表了调查近地电磁环境的最先进任务，旨在将地震前兆的观测扩展到长时间序列。考虑到 CSES-01 是多颗 LEO 小卫星计划中的第一个，该任务的好处甚至更高，其中第二颗将于 2023 年发射，其仪器和轨道与 CSES-01 相同，但有所不同轨道的一半，以便在每个轨道上监测每个轨迹两次。本文简要回顾了从早期研究到最近的地震现象的天基观测，批判性地回顾了该研究领域的结果、假设和趋势。为解释观察结果而提出的假设物理过程仍然无法解释现象学的大量变化，结果的统计显着性备受争议，更普遍的共识仍然是缺失。无论如何，从太空研究地震相关现象是近期地球观测的一个挑战。