The effects of ruthenium content on Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ anodes are investigated in terms of catalytic activity and stability for oxygen evolution. The best electrochemical stability appears at nominal Ru content around 30%, giving average accelerated lives of 419 and 165 h at 25 and 70 °C, respectively, under the current density of 500 mA cm⁻² in 3 M H₂SO₄ solution. These values are respectively ~8 and >22 times longer than any types of RuO₂-based electrodes reported previously. The electrocatalytic activity of Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ anodes is found to increase with nominal Ru content approaching 75%. The physicochemical and electrochemical analyses reveal that the homogeneous intermixture of RuO₂, SnO₂ and Sb₂O₅ with a smooth and compact surface decreases the dissolution rate of RuO₂, leading to a significant improvement on the electrode service life. Despite the numerous pores and cracks found in the coating, Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ anode with a nominal Ru content of 75% exhibits better electrocatalytic performance for O₂ evolution, which is attributed to more active RuO₂ sites exposed to electrolyte. Therefore, the existence of the optimal Ru content for Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ is the balanced effect between electrochemical stability and activity for O₂ evolution, as well as cost for specific applications.

从催化活性和析氧稳定性方面研究了钌含量对Ti/RuO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₅ -SnO ₂阳极的影响。最好的电化学稳定性出现在标称 Ru 含量在 30% 左右时，在 3 MH ₂ SO ₄溶液中，在 500 mA cm ^-2的电流密度下，在 25 和 70 °C 下的平均加速寿命分别为 419 和 165 小时。这些值分别比之前报道的任何类型的基于RuO ₂的电极长约 8 倍和 >22 倍。Ti/RuO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₅ -SnO ₂的电催化活性发现阳极随着标称 Ru 含量接近 75% 而增加。理化和电化学分析表明，表面光滑致密的RuO ₂、SnO ₂和Sb ₂ O ₅的均匀混合物降低了RuO ₂的溶解速率，从而显着提高了电极的使用寿命。尽管在涂层中发现了许多孔隙和裂纹，但标称 Ru 含量为 75% 的Ti/RuO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₅ -SnO ₂阳极表现出更好的 O ₂析出电催化性能，这归因于更活泼的 RuO ₂接触电解液的部位。因此，Ti/RuO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₅ -SnO ₂的最佳Ru含量的存在是电化学稳定性和O ₂析出的活性以及特定应用的成本之间的平衡效应。