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The First Mongol Invasion of Europe: Goals and Results
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Pub Date : 2021-06-28 , DOI: 10.1017/s1356186321000353
ALEXANDER V. MAIOROV 1
Affiliation  

This article establishes that the tümens which took part in Jebe and Sübedei's Raid to Europe were not merely conducting a reconnaissance mission, as it is usually described. The campaign was part of Chinggis Khan's conquering strategy aimed at the complete subjugation of the Kipchak and the conquest of the steppe territories not only in Asia but also in Europe. The task of implementing this strategic plan was given to Prince Jochi as the ruler of the western ulus of the Mongol Empire. Jochi was to bring his main military force to Europe while Sübedei, together with Jebe, advanced with their corps to defeat the Kipchak. The Grand Prince of Kiev and other princes of Southern Rus’, being allies and relatives of the Kipchak rulers, gave them military support. Therefore, the Mongols retaliated against the Rus’. After defeating the allied Rus’ and Kipchak forces at the Kalka River, the Mongols succeeded in crossing the Dnieper and went as far as Kiev. However, the refusal of Jochi to bring his main forces to assist the Mongol vanguard forces nullified the achievements and victories of Jebe and Sübedei. Jochi's reluctance to participate in the Western Campaign of 1221–23 was related to his conflicts with his younger brothers and Chinggis Khan himself, which, in its turn, brought about Jochi's loss of his former status in the empire, a severe illness and untimely death. As a result, Chinggis Khan had to reconsider his general conquest strategy; the conquest of Kipchak and Rus’ was postponed for one and a half decades.



中文翻译:

第一次蒙古人入侵欧洲:目标和结果

本条规定土门参加 Jebe 和 Sübedei 对欧洲的突袭的 s 不仅仅是执行通常描述的侦察任务。这场战役是成吉思汗征服战略的一部分,旨在彻底征服钦察和征服亚洲乃至欧洲的草原领土。实施这一战略计划的任务,交给了蒙古帝国西部乌鲁斯的统治者术赤王子。术赤将把他的主要军事力量带到欧洲,而苏贝代与杰贝一起,与他们的军团一起推进以击败钦察。作为钦察统治者的盟友和亲属,基辅大公和南罗斯的其他王子给予了他们军事支持。因此,蒙古人对罗斯进行了报复。在卡尔卡河击败罗斯和钦察盟军后,蒙古人成功渡过第聂伯河,远至基辅。然而,术赤拒绝带领他的主力协助蒙古先锋部队,使杰贝和苏贝代的成就和胜利无效。术赤不愿参加 1221-23 年的西征,与他与他的弟弟和成吉思汗本人的冲突有关,这反过来又导致了术赤失去了他以前在帝国的地位、重病和英年早逝. 结果,成吉思汗不得不重新考虑他的总体征服策略。钦察和罗斯的征服被推迟了一年半。术赤拒绝带领他的主要部队协助蒙古先锋部队,使杰贝和苏贝代的成就和胜利无效。术赤不愿参加 1221-23 年的西征,与他与他的弟弟和成吉思汗本人的冲突有关,这反过来又导致了术赤失去了他以前在帝国的地位、重病和英年早逝. 结果,成吉思汗不得不重新考虑他的总体征服策略。钦察和罗斯的征服被推迟了一年半。术赤拒绝带领他的主要部队协助蒙古先锋部队,使杰贝和苏贝代的成就和胜利无效。术赤不愿参加 1221-23 年的西征,与他与他的弟弟和成吉思汗本人的冲突有关,这反过来又导致了术赤失去了他以前在帝国的地位、重病和英年早逝. 结果,成吉思汗不得不重新考虑他的总体征服策略。钦察和罗斯的征服被推迟了一年半。一场严重的疾病和英年早逝。结果,成吉思汗不得不重新考虑他的总体征服策略。钦察和罗斯的征服被推迟了一年半。一场严重的疾病和英年早逝。结果,成吉思汗不得不重新考虑他的总体征服策略。钦察和罗斯的征服被推迟了一年半。

更新日期:2021-06-28
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