A new approach is developed for estimating entrainment and detrainment rates in cumulus clouds based on aircraft observations. Equations relating entrainment and detrainment rates to gross entrainment and detrainment are derived. This approach is applied to the Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land-Ecosystems field campaign, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. The results show that both entrainment and detrainment rates decrease with increasing height. Sensitivity tests with different detrained air assumptions yield similar results. The entrainment and detrainment rates can reproduce the cloud thermodynamic variables. Partial correlation analysis indicates that entrainment rate is positively correlated with environmental relative humidity (RH), and detrainment rate is negatively correlated with environmental RH and positively correlated with entrainment rate. This new approach can be applied to other cloud observations to obtain a data set of entrainment and detrainment rates in cumulus clouds.

中文翻译：

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一种同时估计非降水浅层积云夹带和夹带速率的新方法

开发了一种新方法，用于根据飞机观测估计积云中的夹带和脱附率。导出将夹带和脱附率与总夹带和脱附相关的方程。在美国能源部大气辐射测量计划的支持下，这种方法被应用于浅层云、气溶胶和陆地生态系统的整体相互作用实地活动。结果表明，夹带率和脱带率都随着高度的增加而降低。使用不同脱气空气假设的敏感性测试会产生类似的结果。夹带和脱附率可以再现云热力学变量。偏相关分析表明夹带率与环境相对湿度（RH）呈正相关，脱附率与环境RH呈负相关，与夹带率呈正相关。这种新方法可以应用于其他云观测，以获得积云中夹带和脱附率的数据集。