Immigrants tend to display more favorable health outcomes than native-born co-ethnics. At the same time, they face considerable employment instability. It is unclear whether immigrants’ job conditions may compromise their health advantage. Using U.S. National Health Interview Survey data, this study shows that the experience of unemployment reduces immigrants’ health advantage, but unemployed foreign-born Blacks, White women, and Asian women still have lower mortality rates than their native-born employed counterparts. Overall, unemployment is less detrimental to immigrants than to natives, and immigrants’ “survival advantage after unemployment” persists as their duration of residence extends. We further find substantial heterogeneity in the unemployment effect within immigrants. Asian immigrants display a much sharper gender difference in the mortality consequence of unemployment than other immigrants. Asian men's worse general health and substantially higher smoking rate, especially among the unemployed, lead them to fare much worse than Asian women following unemployment.

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失业后移民的健康优势是否仍然存在？种族和性别的差异

移民往往比本地出生的同族人表现出更有利的健康状况。与此同时，他们面临着相当大的就业不稳定。目前尚不清楚移民的工作条件是否会损害他们的健康优势。这项研究利用美国国家健康访谈调查数据表明，失业经历降低了移民的健康优势，但失业的外国出生的黑人、白人妇女和亚裔妇女的死亡率仍然低于本土出生的就业人口。总体而言，失业对移民的损害小于对本地人的损害，而且移民的“失业后生存优势”随着居住时间的延长而持续存在。我们进一步发现移民内部失业效应存在显着的异质性。与其他移民相比，亚洲移民在失业死亡率方面表现出更显着的性别差异。亚洲男性的总体健康状况较差，吸烟率较高，尤其是在失业者中，导致他们在失业后的情况比亚洲女性差得多。