Durum wheat is often cultivated in marginal areas with great management difficulties. Organic fertilization is a sustainable agricultural practice that allows preserving the environment, but its limit can be the reduction of yield and quality of crops, also in cereals. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of the organic fertilization on yield and quality of Simeto, a variety of durum wheat, cultivated for two years in three different sites of the internal hill of Campania Region (San Giorgio la Molara, SGM; Ariano Irpino, AI; Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi, SAL). SGM was a sandy-clay-loam soil, with high fertility, while AI and SAL were clay soil. The organic fertilization (ORG), based on roasted leather, was compared to mineral fertilization (MIN) and the not fertilized treatment (N0). In SGM, crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were significantly higher than AI and SAL until the flowering (about 2- and 4-fold more, respectively). MIN and ORG significantly boosted CGR compared to N0, while for LAI, ORG was never different from N0. The two-years value of yield was 3.0 t ha^–1; in SGM, it reached 4.2 t ha^–1, and it was 54.6% more than the mean value of AI and SAL, while N0 was not different from MIN of AI and SAL. ORG yield was lower and not different from NO in AI, where the lowest values of 1000 kernels weight, and hectolitre weight were also recorded. MIN and ORG increased the number of spikes per square meter: 27.0%, and 12.8% over N0, respectively, but ORG showed an 11.2% decrease compared to MIN. The 1000 kernels weight reached the highest values in SAL, without differences between N0, MIN, and ORG. The values of protein and gluten percentage were highest in AI and SGM (about 13.5%, and 11.7%, respectively), but without differences between ORG and MIN in the 3 sites for protein percentage. The worst value of the vitreousness was recorded in SAL (52.3%), six-fold more than that of AI (8.2%), probably due to the high rainfall. NUE reached the highest value in SGM in the first year, when it was significantly different from AI and SAL (0.036 vs 0.030 t kg^–1). Overall, the effect of nitrogen fertilization type results sitespecific; indeed, organic fertilization had the same performance of mineral in the site with better soil (low clay content, high nitrogen, and organic matter content) and climate conditions.

Highlights
- Organic fertilization based on roasted leather was compared to mineral fertilization in three marginal environments for two years.
- Effect of organic fertilization on wheat yield, grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency was site-specific.
- Yield of plants organically fertilized was lower than mineral fertilization in the two environments less fertile and with a high clay content.
- Nitrogen use efficiency of organic fertilization was lower than mineral in the two environments less fertile and with high content of clay.
- Grain protein and gluten percentage were lower in the site with higher rainfall.

硬粒小麦常种植在管理困难的边缘地区。有机施肥是一种可持续的农业实践，可以保护环境，但其局限性可能是作物产量和质量的降低，包括谷物。研究的目的是评估有机施肥对在坎帕尼亚地区内山的三个不同地点（San Giorgio la Molara，SGM；Ariano艾尔皮诺，AI；Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi，SAL）。SGM 为砂质黏壤土，肥力高，AI 和 SAL 为黏土。将基于烤皮革的有机肥 (ORG) 与矿物肥 (MIN) 和未施肥处理 (N0) 进行比较。在上海通用，作物生长率 (CGR) 和叶面积指数 (LAI) 显着高于 AI 和 SAL，直至开花（分别高出约 2 倍和 4 倍）。与 N0 相比，MIN 和 ORG 显着提高了 CGR，而对于 LAI，ORG 与 N0 从未不同。两年的产量值为 3.0 吨公顷^–1 ; 在 SGM，达到 4.2 t ha ^–1, 比 AI 和 SAL 的平均值高 54.6%，而 N0 与 AI 和 SAL 的 MIN 没有差异。ORG 产量较低且与 AI 中的 NO 没有区别，其中还记录了 1000 粒重和百升重量的最低值。MIN 和 ORG 增加了每平方米的尖峰数量：分别比 N0 增加 27.0% 和 12.8%，但 ORG 与 MIN 相比减少了 11.2%。1000 粒的重量达到了 SAL 中的最高值，N0、MIN 和 ORG 之间没有差异。AI 和 SGM 的蛋白质和面筋百分比值最高（分别约为 13.5% 和 11.7%），但在蛋白质百分比的 3 个位点中，ORG 和 MIN 之间没有差异。玻璃质度的最差值记录在 SAL (52.3%) 中，是 AI (8.2%) 的六倍，可能是由于降雨量大。^–1 )。总体而言，施氮方式的影响因地而异；事实上，有机肥在土壤（粘土含量低、氮含量高、有机质含量高）和气候条件更好的地点具有相同的矿物质性能。

亮点
- 基于烤皮革的有机施肥与矿物施肥在三个边缘环境中进行了两年的比较。
- 有机施肥对小麦产量、谷物品质和氮素利用效率的影响因地点而异。
- 在肥沃程度较低和粘土含量较高的两种环境中，有机施肥植物的产量低于矿物施肥。
- 在贫瘠和粘土含量高的两个环境中，有机肥的氮利用效率低于矿物。
- 降雨量较高的地点的谷物蛋白质和麸质百分比较低。