The review presents modern views about the role of oxidative stress reactions in the pathogenesis of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies. The sources of increased ROS generation in diabetes are specified, including the main pathways of altered glucose metabolism, oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells, and endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and inflammation is described. The significance of oxidative stress reactions associated with hyperglycemia is considered in the context of the “metabolic memory” phenomenon. The results of our studies demonstrated significant ethnic and age-related variability of the LPO—antioxidant defense system parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus, which should be considered during complex therapy of the disease. Numerous studies of the effectiveness of antioxidants in diabetes mellitus of both types convincingly proved that antioxidants should be a part of the therapeutic process. Modern therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are aimed at developing new methods of personalized antioxidant therapy, including ROS sources targeting combined with new ways of antioxidant delivery.

该综述基于实验和临床研究分析，提出了关于氧化应激反应在 1 型和 2 型糖尿病及其并发症发病机制中的作用的现代观点。明确了糖尿病中 ROS 生成增加的来源，包括葡萄糖代谢改变、胰腺 β 细胞氧化损伤和内皮功能障碍的主要途径。描述了氧化应激、羰基应激和炎症之间的关系。在“代谢记忆”现象的背景下考虑了与高血糖相关的氧化应激反应的重要性。我们的研究结果表明，糖尿病患者的 LPO（抗氧化防御系统参数）具有显着的种族和年龄相关变异性，在疾病的复杂治疗期间应考虑到这一点。大量关于抗氧化剂在两种类型糖尿病中的有效性的研究令人信服地证明，抗氧化剂应该是治疗过程的一部分。治疗糖尿病的现代治疗策略旨在开发个性化抗氧化治疗的新方法，包括靶向 ROS 源结合抗氧化剂递送的新方法。