Rechargeable hydrogen gas batteries are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage because of their long life cycle, high round trip efficiency, fast reaction kinetics, and hydrogen gas profusion. Coupling advanced cathode chemistries with hydrogen gas anode is an emerging and exciting area of research. Here, a novel high-performance aqueous iodine-hydrogen gas (I₂-H₂) battery using iodine as cathode and hydrogen gas as the electrocatalytic anode in environmentally benign aqueous electrolytes is reported. The working chemistry of the battery involves I₂/I⁻ solid-liquid reactions occurring over the cathode along with H₂/H₂O gas-liquid reactions at the anode, achieving a high rate performance of 100 C and long-lasting stability of over 60 000 cycles. Additionally, the static aqueous I₂-H₂ battery displays a volumetric capacity of 15.5 Ah L⁻¹ along with good self-healing capability towards cell overcharge. The current battery design exhibits robust electrochemical performance irrespective of acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolyte systems. This study paves the way towards the industrialization of economically effective, high-power density, and long-term I₂-H₂ batteries for large-scale energy storage applications.

中文翻译：

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一种超稳定的碘氢水电池

可充电氢气电池由于其生命周期长、往返效率高、反应动力学快和氢气丰富，因此非常适合大规模储能。将先进的阴极化学与氢气阳极结合是一个新兴且令人兴奋的研究领域。在这里，报道了一种在环境友好的水性电解质中使用碘作为阴极和氢气作为电催化阳极的新型高性能碘-氢水溶液（I ₂ -H ₂）电池。电池的工作化学包括 I ₂ /I ⁻与 H ₂ /H ₂一起在阴极上发生的固液反应阳极处的 O 气-液反应，实现了 100 C 的高倍率性能和超过 60 000 次循环的持久稳定性。此外，静态水性I ₂ -H ₂电池显示出15.5 Ah L ^-1的体积容量以及良好的电池过充电自愈能力。无论酸性、中性和碱性电解质体系如何，当前的电池设计都表现出强大的电化学性能。该研究为大规模储能应用的经济高效、高功率密度和长期 I ₂ -H ₂电池的工业化铺平了道路。