Postprandial lipemia consists of changes in concentrations and composition of plasma lipids after food intake, commonly presented as increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may also affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and function, resulting in a net decrease in HDL concentrations. Elevated triglycerides (TG) and reduced HDL levels have been positively associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases development. Here, we investigated the plasma lipidome composition of 12 clinically healthy, nonobese and young women in response to an acute high-caloric (1135 kcal) and high-fat (64 g) breakfast meal. For this purpose, we employed a detailed untargeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach and data was obtained at four sampling points: fasting and 1, 3 and 5 h postprandial. Analysis of variance revealed 73 significantly altered lipid species between all sampling points. Nonetheless, two divergent subgroups have emerged at 5 h postprandial as a function of differential plasma lipidome responses, and were thereby designated slow and fast TG metabolizers. Late responses by slow TG metabolizers were associated with increased concentrations of several species of TG and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Lipidomic analysis of lipoprotein fractions at 5 h postprandial revealed higher TG and PI concentrations in HDL from slow relative to fast TG metabolizers, but not in apoB-containing fraction. These data indicate that modulations in HDL lipidome during prolonged postprandial lipemia may potentially impact HDL functions. A comprehensive characterization of plasma lipidome responses to acute metabolic challenges may contribute to a better understanding of diet/lifestyle regulation in the metabolism of lipid and glucose.

餐后脂血症是指进食后血浆脂质浓度和成分的变化，通常表现为富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白水平升高。餐后高甘油三酯血症也可能影响高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的结构和功能，导致 HDL 浓度净下降。甘油三酯（TG）升高和高密度脂蛋白水平降低与心血管疾病发生风险呈正相关。在这里，我们研究了 12 名临床健康、非肥胖和年轻女性对急性高热量（1135 kcal）和高脂肪（64 g）早餐的血浆脂质组成。为此，我们采用了详细的基于非靶向质谱的脂质组学方法，并在四个采样点获得了数据：空腹和餐后 1、3 和 5 小时。方差分析揭示了所有采样点之间 73 种显着改变的脂质种类。尽管如此，餐后 5 小时出现了两个不同的亚组，作为差异血浆脂质组反应的函数，因此被指定为慢速和快速 TG 代谢者。TG 代谢缓慢者的晚期反应与几种 TG 和磷脂酰肌醇 (PI) 浓度的增加有关。餐后 5 小时脂蛋白组分的脂质组学分析显示，相对于快速 TG 代谢者，慢速 TG 代谢者的 HDL 中 TG 和 PI 浓度较高，但在含 apoB 的组分中则不然。这些数据表明，长期餐后脂血症期间 HDL 脂质组的调节可能会影响 HDL 功能。血浆脂质组对急性代谢挑战的反应的全面表征可能有助于更好地了解脂质和葡萄糖代谢中的饮食/生活方式调节。