It is important that hangover products are both safe and effective. The aims of the current study were to evaluate (a) the ingredients of currently marketed hangover treatments, (b) whether companies make disease modification claims for these products, and (c) the extent and quality of any independent scientific evidence on their efficacy and safety. Of eighty-two hangover products identified, the most common ingredients were vitamin B, vitamin C, milk thistle extract (silymarin), dihydromyricetin (DHM), and N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), often in combination. Fifty-one products (62.2% of the 82 evaluated products) contained one or more vitamins of which the dose exceeded the corresponding daily recommended intake level. For 9 (28.1%) of 32 products that reported the dose of Vitamin B3 and 2 (8.0%) of 25 products that reported the dose of Vitamin B9 the corresponding tolerable upper intake level was exceeded. Further, in many other cases the dose of other ingredients was not reported (e.g., dosages of DHM and NAC were not reported by 59% and 73% of the products containing these ingredients), and corresponding tolerable upper limits are unknown. A review of scientific literature revealed no peer-reviewed human data demonstrating either safety or efficacy of any of the 82 evaluated hangover products. Further, the product name and/or package/insert included explicit disease modification claims in 64.6% of the products. Finally, 45.1% of the products contain NAC as an ingredient. As NAC is registered as a drug by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it is prohibited as an ingredient in dietary supplements or foods. We conclude that, in the interest of consumers, independent research supporting the safety and efficacy of hangover treatments should be a minimum requirement for hangover treatment claims irrespective whether the products are registered as medicinal drugs or dietary supplements.

解酒产品既安全又有效，这一点很重要。当前研究的目的是评估 (a) 目前上市的宿醉治疗的成分，(b) 公司是否对这些产品提出了改善疾病的声明，以及 (c) 任何独立科学证据的程度和质量关于其功效和安全。在确定的 82 种宿醉产品中，最常见的成分是维生素 B、维生素 C、水飞蓟提取物（水飞蓟素）、二氢杨梅素 (DHM) 和 N-乙酰 L-半胱氨酸 (NAC)，通常混合使用。51 种产品（82 种评估产品的 62.2%）含有一种或多种维生素，其剂量超过相应的每日推荐摄入量。对于 32 种产品中的 9 种 (28.1%) 报告了维生素 B3 的剂量和 2 种 (8. 0%) 的 25 种产品中报告了维生素 B9 的剂量超过了相应的可耐受摄入量上限。此外，在许多其他情况下，没有报告其他成分的剂量（例如，59% 和 73% 的含有这些成分的产品没有报告 DHM 和 NAC 的剂量），并且相应的容许上限未知。对科学文献的审查显示，没有经过同行评审的人类数据证明 82 种经评估的宿醉产品中的任何一种的安全性或有效性。此外，产品名称和/或包装/插页在 64.6% 的产品中包含明确的疾病修饰声明。最后，45.1% 的产品含有 NAC 作为成分。由于 NAC 已被美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 注册为药物，因此禁止将其作为膳食补充剂或食品的成分。我们得出的结论是，