Background

Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and molecular analysis of body fluids such as blood, saliva, and urine in contrast to conventional tissue biopsies. Liquid biopsy approach can offer powerful non-invasive biomarkers (circulating markers) for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of a variety of diseases, including parasitic infections.

Methods

In this review, we concentrate on cell-free DNA (cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), and exosomes in the published literature.

Results

Considering the high prevalence and severity of parasitic infections worldwide, circulating biomarkers can provide a new insight into the diagnosis and prognosis of parasites in the near future. Moreover, identifying and characterizing parasite- or host-derived circulating markers are important for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of parasite infection and host–parasite relationship at the molecular level. Profiling of biomarkers for parasitic diseases is a promising potential field, though further studies and optimization strategies are required, both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

In this review, we discuss three approaches in the liquid biopsy including circulating cfDNA, miRNAs, and exosomes for diagnosis and evaluation of parasites and summarize circulating biomarkers in non-invasive samples during parasitic infections.

中文翻译：

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液体活检有望用于寄生虫感染的非侵入性诊断生物标志物

背景

与传统的组织活检相比，液体活检是指对血液、唾液和尿液等体液进行采样和分子分析。液体活检方法可以提供强大的非侵入性生物标志物（循环标志物），用于诊断和监测包括寄生虫感染在内的多种疾病的治疗反应。

方法

在这篇综述中，我们重点关注已发表文献中的无细胞 DNA (cfDNA)、microRNA (miRNA) 和外泌体。

结果

考虑到全球寄生虫感染的高流行率和严重性，循环生物标志物可以在不久的将来为寄生虫的诊断和预后提供新的见解。此外，鉴定和表征寄生虫或宿主衍生的循环标志物对于在分子水平上更好地了解寄生虫感染的发病机制和宿主 - 寄生虫关系非常重要。寄生虫病生物标志物的分析是一个很有前景的潜在领域，尽管需要在体外​​和体内进行进一步的研究和优化策略。

结论

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了液体活检中的三种方法，包括用于诊断和评估寄生虫的循环 cfDNA、miRNA 和外泌体，并总结了寄生虫感染期间非侵入性样本中的循环生物标志物。