Slavonian oaks (Quercus robur subsp. slavonica (Gáyer) Mátyás) originating from Croatia have been cultivated in Germany mainly in the Münsterland region of North Rhine-Westphalia since the second half of the nineteenth century. Compared to indigenous pedunculate oak stands in Germany, they are characterised by their late bud burst, but also by their excellent bole shape and faster height growth. Previously, Slavonian pedunculate oaks (= late flushing oaks) were mainly studied at chloroplast (cp) DNA markers in order to determine their geographical origin. The origin of the material is probably the Sava lowland between Zagreb and Belgrade. In the present study, the aim was to genetically differentiate between indigenous Quercus robur and Slavonian oak stands using nuclear DNA markers. For this purpose, we used 20 nuclear Simple Sequence Repeats (nSSRs). A total of 37 pedunculate oak stands (mean: 18.6 samples per population with an age of 95 to 210 years) were examined, of which 21 were characterized as Slavonian late flushing oaks and three stands for which the Slavonian origin was not clear. Maternally inherited chloroplast markers were analysed earlier in all 37 stands to validate their geographic origin. We found that the stands of native pedunculate oaks and Slavonian pedunculate oaks are represented by two genetic clusters which are weakly differentiated. Slavonian oaks (N_a = 9.85, A_r = 8.689, H_o = 0.490, H_e = 0.540) showed similar levels of genetic variation as native oak stands (N_a = 7.850, A_r = 7.846, H_o = 0.484, H_e = 0.526). Differences in growth and phenology and low but consistent genetic differentiation between groups suggest that both taxa represent different ecotypes with specific local adaptations, which are perhaps separated by less overlapping flowering phenologies. The nuclear microsatellite markers in combination with the cpDNA markers are suitable to differentiate between Slavonian and local oak stands.

源自克罗地亚的斯拉沃尼亚橡树（Quercus robur subsp. slavonica (Gáyer) Mátyás）自 19 世纪下半叶以来主要在德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的明斯特地区种植。与德国本土的有花序橡木林相比，它们的特点是芽萌发晚，但也具有优良的树干形状和更快的高度增长。以前，斯拉夫有花梗橡树（= 晚冲橡树）主要在叶绿体 (cp) DNA 标记上进行研究，以确定它们的地理起源。材料的来源可能是萨格勒布和贝尔格莱德之间的萨瓦低地。在本研究中，目的是在遗传上区分本地Quercus robur和斯拉沃尼亚橡树使用核 DNA 标记。为此，我们使用了 20 个核简单序列重复 (nSSR)。总共检查了 37 个有花序橡树林分（平均：每个种群 18.6 个样本，年龄为 95 至 210 岁），其中 21 个被表征为斯拉夫晚冲橡树，3 个林分的斯拉夫语起源不明。早先在所有 37 个林分中分析了母系遗传的叶绿体标记，以验证其地理来源。我们发现本地有花梗橡树和斯拉夫有花梗橡树的林分由两个弱分化的遗传簇代表。斯拉夫尼亚橡树（N_一 = 9.85，A _{- [R}  = 8.689，H _Õ  = 0.490，H _È = 0.540）表现出遗传变异的相似水平天然栎代表（N_一 = 7.850，A _{- [R}  = 7.846，H _Õ  = 0.484，H _È  = 0.526）。生长和物候的差异以及群体之间低但一致的遗传差异表明，这两种分类群代表具有特定局部适应性的不同生态型，它们可能被较少重叠的开花物候分开。核微卫星标记与 cpDNA 标记相结合，适用于区分斯拉夫和当地橡树林。