ABSTRACT

What should we make of the recent neo-racist turn in Brazil – the eruption of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous hate-speech on the part of senior government officials, including President Jair Bolsonaro, combined with institutional attacks on the multi-culturalist consensus of the last two decades? While symptomatic of Bolsonarismo’s determination to roll back the previous forty years of social justice reforms, the far Right’s recent attacks on multiculturalism and the collapse of earlier consensual models of “race” and nation have both exposed a deeper underlying continuity in the racialisation of Brazilian society, above all its class character – something the Black movement’s contemporary focus on the affirmative action agenda has failed to address. The new racism should really be understood as the Neoliberal project’s reassertion of the particular historical form of racial capitalism that Bolsonarismo was appointed to reinstate, which routinely disposes of Brazil’s Afro-descendant majority as an “edge population” straddling the frontiers between inclusion and exclusion. If there is to be any prospect of rebuilding an opposition to Neoliberalism that can speak to that Black majority, the anti-racist and anti-capitalist struggles must be integrated, and anti-racism must become a priority for the Left, not merely one among many “social justice” causes, but Brazil’s national question.

摘要

我们应该如何看待巴西最近的新种族主义转变——包括总统贾尔·博尔索纳罗 (Jair Bolsonaro) 在内的高级政府官员爆发的反黑人和反土著仇恨言论，以及对多元文化共识的制度性攻击过去二十年？虽然有Bolsonarismo 的症状推翻过去四十年社会正义改革的决心、极右翼最近对多元文化主义的攻击以及早期的“种族”和民族共识模式的崩溃都暴露出巴西社会种族化的更深层次的潜在连续性。它的所有阶级特征——黑人运动当代对平权行动议程的关注未能解决的问题。新种族主义应该真正被理解为新自由主义项目对Bolsonarismo种族资本主义的特定历史形式的重申。被任命恢复，这通常将巴西的非洲裔多数视为跨越包容和排斥之间边界的“边缘人口”。如果要重建可以与黑人占多数的新自由主义反对派的任何前景，则必须整合反种族主义和反资本主义斗争，反种族主义必须成为左派的优先事项，而不仅仅是其中之一。许多“社会正义”的原因，但巴西的民族问题。