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The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.06.003
Charles S Pavia 1 , Maria M Plummer 1
Affiliation  

Making the correct diagnosis of a patient seeking medical attention is the ultimate goal of a practicing physician, irrespective of whether the cause of the patient's condition is infectious or non-infectious. Antigen detection tests can be used to aid in the diagnosis of various infectious-related disorders including COVID-19 where it has become especially important due to the serious nature of this disease and its worldwide prevalence. These tests closely mimic one of the earliest prototypes – the urine pregnancy test – and as a result they have gained wide acceptance based on their overall simplicity, low cost and relative accuracy. In some situations, especially as a screening test, they can be used instead of the more technically demanding and complex molecular and serologic assays that are still useful and helpful under many different circumstances. Antigen detection systems are based on finding a particular immunogenic component, typically a protein or polysaccharide molecule, that is both unique and an integral part of the pathogen or other biological entity. Because these tests generally provide only qualitative results, they often need to be supplemented with other and sometimes more sophisticated laboratory-based diagnostic procedures to corroborate the initial test result. In this review, we first describe general background information on antigen-detection methods, including any unique aspects of their overall design, and then follow with an extensive description on the merits and limitations of these tests for detecting COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, for other serious respiratory diseases caused by three common bacterial pathogens – Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.



中文翻译:

快速抗原检测系统的演变及其在 COVID-19 和其他严重呼吸道传染病中的应用

为求医的患者做出正确的诊断是执业医师的最终目标,无论患者病情的病因是传染性还是非传染性。抗原检测测试可用于帮助诊断各种与感染相关的疾病,包括 COVID-19,由于该疾病的严重性及其在全球范围内的流行,它变得尤为重要。这些测试非常模仿最早的原型之一——尿液妊娠试验——因此,它们因其整体简单、成本低和相对准确而获得了广泛接受。在某些情况下,尤其是作为筛选测试,它们可以用来代替技术要求更高、更复杂的分子和血清学检测,这些检测在许多不同情况下仍然有用和有帮助。抗原检测系统基于寻找特定的免疫原性成分,通常是蛋白质或多糖分子,它既独特又是病原体或其他生物实体的组成部分。因为这些测试通常只提供定性结果,所以它们通常需要辅以其他有时更复杂的基于实验室的诊断程序来证实初始测试结果。在这篇综述中,我们首先描述了抗原检测方法的一般背景信息,包括其整体设计的任何独特方面,化脓性链球菌肺炎链球菌嗜肺军团菌

更新日期:2021-06-26
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