In this study, we examined the accuracy and consistency of Greek-speaking children with spelling difficulties using a spelling level-matched design at two time points. Eighty-seven children were selected for inclusion in three groups: a group with spelling difficulties (SpD, n = 22 fifth graders) and two control groups, a chronological age-matched group (CAM, n = 33 fifth graders) and a spelling age-matched group (SpAM, n = 32 third graders). They completed a spelling dictation task at Time 1 (grades 3 and 5) and nine months later at Time 2 (grades 4 and 6). The spelling task included 69 words and was designed to test the spelling of lexical, derivational, and inflectional morphemes. Participants’ spelling performance was evaluated according to three measures: spelling accuracy (SA), spelling consistency (SC) and spelling consistency in accurate spelling (SCAS). In all measures, the spelling performance of the SpD group was lower than that of the CAM group but similar to that of the SpAM group. Importantly, the SpD and SpAM groups also exhibited similar levels on the consistency measures used in this study. Derivational morphemes were spelled less accurately and less consistently than the other morpheme types, suggesting that the linguistic characteristics of the morphemes to be spelled are crucial for spelling for all children, with or without spelling difficulties.

在这项研究中，我们使用拼写水平匹配设计在两个时间点检查了有拼写困难的希腊语儿童的准确性和一致性。87 名儿童被选入三组：拼写困难组（SpD，n = 22 名五年级学生）和两个对照组，按时间顺序排列的年龄匹配组（CAM，n = 33 名五年级学生）和拼写年龄-匹配组（SpAM，n = 32 名三年级学生）。他们在时间 1（3 和 5 年级）和九个月后的时间 2（4 和 6 年级）完成了拼写听写任务。拼写任务包括 69 个单词，旨在测试词汇、派生和屈折语素的拼写。参与者的拼写表现根据三个指标进行评估：拼写准确度 (SA)、拼写一致性 (SC) 和准确拼写中的拼写一致性 (SCAS)。在所有措施中，SpD 组的拼写表现均低于 CAM 组，但与 SpAM 组相似。重要的是，SpD 和 SpAM 组在本研究中使用的一致性措施上也表现出相似的水平。派生语素的拼写准确性和一致性不如其他语素类型，这表明要拼写的语素的语言特征对于所有儿童的拼写都至关重要，无论是否存在拼写困难。